Material Properties under Intensive Dynamic Loading (eBook)

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 8
References 8
Contents 10
Nomenclature 13
1 Basic Principles of Continuum Mechanics 15
1.1 Constitutive Relationships in a Solid Body 16
1.2 Equation of State of a Solid Body 18
1.3 Models of Plastic Deformation of Solid Bodies 21
1.4 Equations of 1D Shock Compression of Compressible Media 24
1.5 Wave Interaction. Arbitrary Discontinuity 28
1.6 Shock and Expansion Waves in Solid Bodies 34
1.7 Plane Stationary Detonation Waves 39
References 44
2 Methods and Devices for Producing Intense Shock Loads 46
2.1 Gun Type Launchers 46
2.2 Explosive Launchers 55
2.3 Electric and Electromagnetic Guns 67
2.4 Combined Guns 68
2.5 Using Radiation Sources for Shock Wave Generation in Solids 70
2.6 Devices for Shock-Compressed Material Preservation 75
References 80
3 Recording Fast Processes in Dynamic Studies 85
3.1 Discrete Methods for Wave and Mass Velocity Measurements 86
3.2 Methods for Continuous Recording of Material Velocity Profiles 103
3.3 Methods for Continuous Pressure Profile Recording 114
3.4 Shadow Photorecording of Dynamic Processes 130
References 152
4 Determination of Hugoniots and Expansion Isentropes 159
4.1 Determination of Hugoniots 159
4.2 Recording of Material Expansion Isentropes from the State Following Shock Compression 172
4.3 Sound Speed in Shock-Compressed Material 182
4.5 Semi-Empirical Equations of State 191
References 199
5 Studies of Phase Transformations 203
5.1 Polymorphic Transformations in Shock Waves 203
5.2 Expansion Shock Waves in Media that have Experienced Polymorphic Transition 210
5.3 Melting of Solid Bodies in Shock Waves and Unloading Isentropes 213
5.4 Evaporation of Shock-Compressed Solid Bodies in Expansion 216
5.5 Second-order Phase Transitions in Shock Waves 220
5.6 Electrical Conductivity of Shock- compressed Materials 221
References 229
6 Dynamic Strength of Materials 233
6.1 Experimental Methods for Studying Shear Strength 233
6.2 Dynamic Yield Strength of Materials in Shock Waves 244
6.3 Experimental Methods for Spall Strength Estimation 258
6.4 Spall Strength of Structural Materials 266
6.5 Spall Fracture Criteria 273
References 280
7 Estimation of Temperatures in Shock- compressed Transparent Material 288
7.1 Optical Radiation and Its Characteristics 288
7.2 Thermal Radiation 293
7.3 Optical Materials for Physical Studies 301
7.4 Fundamentals of Optical Temperature Measurement 309
7.5 Pyrometers for Radiation Recording 313
7.6 Temperature of Shock-compressed Materials 318
7.7 Study of Shock-compressed Material Properties with Optical Methods 327
References 336
8 Determination of Detonation Parameters and Efficiency of Solid HE Explosion Products 340
8.1 Study of the Detonation Initiation 340
8.2 Formation of the Detonation Regime 345
8.3 Experimental Estimation of Normal Detonation Wave Parameters 356
8.4 Estimation of Detonation Cutoff Diameter 379
8.5 He Brisance, Efficiency (Fugacity), and Launching Ability 382
References 398
9 Laser Doppler Measuring Systems and Their Use in Shock- Wave Studies 403
9.1 Theoretical Basis of Interferometric Methods of Velocity Measurement 404
9.2 Principal Interferometric Systems 405
9.3 Features of Interface Velocity Recording 414
9.4 Multichannel Interferometric Systems 416
9.5 Using Laser Interferometric Systems in Shock- Wave Studies 420
9.6 Optical and Interferometric Techniques for Velocity Measurement 424
References 426
Index 429