Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors (eBook)

Preface 5
Acknowledgments 6
Contents 7
Chapter 1: Introduction 13
1.1 Nanotechnology 13
1.2 Sensors 18
1.3 Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 20
References 24
Chapter 2: Sensor Characteristics and Physical Effects 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Sensor Characteristics and Terminology 25
2.3 Physical Effects Employed for Signal Transduction 32
2.4 Summary 69
Chapter 3: Transduction Platforms 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Conductometric and Capacitive Transducers 75
3.3 Optical Waveguide based Transducers 78
3.4 Electrochemical Transducers 91
3.5 Solid State Transducers 118
3.6 Acoustic Wave Transducers 130
3.7 Summary 141
References 143
Chapter 4: Nano Fabrication and Patterning Techniques 147
4.1 Introduction 147
4.2 Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles 148
4.3 Formation of Thin Films 153
4.4 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) 163
4.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 176
4.6 Liquid Phase Techniques 185
4.7 Casting 194
4.8 Sol-gel 196
4.9 Nanolithography and Nano-Patterning 198
4.10 Summary 216
References 218
Chapter 5: Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials 223
5.1 Introduction 223
5.2 Electromagnetic Spectroscopy 223
5.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy 240
5.4 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 244
5.6 Light Scattering Techniques 252
5.7 Electron Microscopy 260
5.8 Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) 271
5.9 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) 275
5.10 Mass Spectrometry 282
5.11 Summary 286
References 288
Chapter 6: Inorganic Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 294
6.1 Introduction 294
6.2 Density and Number of States 294
6.3 Gas Sensing with Nanostructured Thin Films 315
6.5 Nanotechnology Enabled Mechanical Sensors 351
6.6 Nanotechnology Enabled Optical Sensors 359
6.7 Magnetically Engineered Spintronic Sensors 367
Chapter 7: Organic Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 382
7.1 Introduction 382
7.2 Surface Interactions 383
7.3 Surface Materials and Surface Modification 397
7.4 Proteins in Nanotechnology Enabled Sensors 415
7.5 Nano-sensors based on Nucleotides and DNA 447
7.8 Biomagnetic Sensors 480
Index 493
About the Authors 502