Quantum Imaging (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
List of Contributors 13
1 Quantum Imaging with Continuous Variables 15
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 The Concepts of Squeezing and of Entanglement with Continuous Variables, and Their Intrinsic Connection 16
1.3 Intrinsic Relation Between Squeezing and Entanglement 19
1.4 Spatially Multimode Parametric Down-Conversion: Some Topics in Quantum Imaging 21
References 28
2 Spatial Entanglement in Optical Parametric Down- Conversion 30
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Simultaneous Near-Field and Far-Field Spatial Quantum Correlation in the High- Gain Regime of Type- II Parametric Down- Conversion 30
2.3 Detection of Sub-Shot-Noise Spatial Correlations in High- Gain Parametric Down- Conversion 41
2.4 Multiphoton, Multimode Polarization Entanglement in Parametric Down- Conversion 51
References 56
3 Quantum Imaging in the Continuous-Wave Regime Using Degenerate Optical Cavities 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Classical Imaging Properties of Degenerate Optical Cavities 59
3.3 Theory of Optical Parametric Oscillation in a Degenerate Cavity 64
3.4 Experimental Results 69
3.5 Conclusion 75
References 75
4 Quantum Imaging by Synthesis of Multimode Quantum Light 78
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 Quantum Noise in an Arraylike Detection 79
4.3 Implementing a Sub-Shot-Noise Array Detection 81
4.4 The Quantum Laser Pointer 82
4.5 Optical Read-Out 84
4.6 Measuring a Signal in an Optimal Way 87
4.7 Conclusion 88
References 89
5 Ghost Imaging 90
5.1 Introduction 90
5.2 General Theory of Ghost Imaging with Entangled Beams 92
5.3 Wave-Particle Aspect 96
5.4 Spatial Average in Ghost Diffraction: Increase of Spatial Bandwidth and of Speed in Retrieval 98
5.5 Ghost Imaging with Homodyne Detection 99
5.6 Debate: Is Quantum Entanglement Really Necessary for Ghost Imaging? 101
5.7 Ghost Imaging by Split Thermallike Beams: Theory [ 15– 17] 103
5.8 Ghost Imaging with Split Thermal Beams: Experiment 112
References 121
6 Quantum Limits of Optical Super-Resolution 123
6.1 Super-Resolution in Classical Optics 123
6.2 Quantum Theory of Super-Resolution 125
6.3 Quantum Limits in Reconstruction of Optical Objects 131
6.4 Squeezed-Light Source for Microscopy with Super- Resolution 142
References 148
7 Noiseless Amplification of Optical Images 150
7.1 Introduction 150
7.2 Traveling-Wave Scheme for Amplification of Images 151
7.3 Optimum Phase Matching for Parametric Amplification 154
7.4 Quantum Fluctuations in the Amplified Image and Conditions for Noiseless Amplification 158
7.5 Experimental Demonstration of Temporally Noiseless Image Amplification 164
7.6 Experiment on Spatially Noiseless Amplification of Images 167
References 173
8 Optical Image Processing in Second- Harmonic Generation 175
8.1 Introduction 175
8.2 Image Processing in Second-Harmonic Generation at a Classical Level 176
8.3 Quantum Image Processing in Type-I Second- Harmonic Generation 183
8.4 Quantum Image Processing in Type-II Second- Harmonic Generation 196
References 207
9 Transverse Distribution of Quantum Fluctuations in Free- Space Spatial Solitons 209
9.1 Introduction 209
9.2 General Method 210
9.3 Spatial Solitons: Mean Values 213
9.4 Squeezing on the Total Beam 216
9.5 Local Quantum Fluctuations 219
9.6 Quantum Correlations Between Field Quadratures at Different Points 224
9.7 Conclusion 226
References 226
10 Quantum Fluctuations in Cavity Solitons 228
10.1 Introduction 228
10.2 Cavity Solitons in Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillators 229
10.3 Quantum Fluctuations in DOPO 233
10.4 Arrays of CS Induced by Quantum Fluctuations 234
10.5 Quantum Features in the Near and the Far Field of CS 238
10.6 Conclusions and Acknowledgments 243
References 243
11 Quantum Holographic Teleportation and Dense Coding of Optical Images 245
11.1 Introduction 245
11.2 Continuous-Variable Squeezing and Entanglement for Spatially Multimode Light Fields 246
11.3 Quantum Holographic Teleportation of Optical Images 250
11.4 Quantum Dense Coding of Optical Images 266
11.5 Conclusions and Outlook 276
Acknowledgments 277
A Properties of Spatially Multimode Squeezing 277
B Homodyne Detection with Spatial Resolution 279
References 281
12 Orbital Angular Momentum of Light 283
12.1 Introduction 283
12.2 Angular Momentum in Electromagnetism 284
12.3 Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum 290
12.4 Quantum Optical Angular Momentum 296
12.5 Angle and Angular Momentum 298
12.6 Orbital Angular Momentum in Quantum Nonlinear Optics 306
12.7 Conclusion 313
Acknowledgments 314
References 314
Index 318