Advanced Tribology (eBook)

Title Page 2
Copyright Page 3
Preface 5
Table of Contents 7
Plenary Lectures 21
Current Industrial Activities of Tribology in China 22
The Fullerene-Like Nanostructure Hydrogenated Carbon Films with Super-Low Friction 23
Tribology in Nanomanufacturing—Interaction between Nanoparticles and a Solid Surface 24
INTRODUCTION 24
INTERACTION OF NANOPARTICLE WITH A SOLID SURFACE - EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 24
Observation of nanoparticle’s movement [4,5] 24
Collision of nanoparticles with solid surface [6,7] 25
MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF NANO-PARTICLESIMPACTING ON A SOLID SURFACE 27
ADVANCEMENT IN CMP PROCESS 28
CONCLUSION 28
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 29
REFERENCES 29
Tribology at Small Scales 30
Frontiers of Research in Liquid Lubrication 31
Keynote Talks 32
EHL with Grease at Low Speeds 33
INTRODUCTION 33
“SLIM” EXPERIMENT 33
Apparatus 33
Sample Greases 33
Conditions and Procedure 34
Film Thickness 34
Film Shape 34
RHEOLOGY OF GREASE 35
Apparatus and Procedure 35
Results and Interpretation 35
REPRESENTATION OF RHEOLOGY 35
Carreau-Yasuda Equation 35
Rheological Parameters 36
ELASTOHYDRODYNAMICS 36
The Ertel-Grubin Theory 36
Procedure of Calculation 36
Calculation Results 36
CONCLUSIONS 36
REFERENCES 37
The Nature of Adhesion and Friction 38
Space Tribology of China 39
Active Control of Sliding Friction 40
INTRODUCTION 40
TYPICAL RESULTS 40
REFERENCES 40
Superhard and Low Friction Nanocomposite Coatings: Design, Synthesis, and Applications 41
Tribology of Metal-on-Metal Bearings at High Inclination Angles 42
INTRODUCTION 42
METHODS 42
RESULTS 43
DISCUSSION 43
REFERENCES 43
Technical Sessions:I. Lubrication 44
Key Factors to Induce Cavitation-Erosion 46
INTRODUCTION 46
TYPICAL RESULTS 46
REFERENCES 46
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiC-Reinforced HSS-Based Composites with an Interpenetrating Network for High Temperature Self-Lubrication Applications 47
1. INTRUCTION 47
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 47
2.1. MATERIALS 47
2.2. PHYSICAL PROPERTY EVALUATION 48
2.3. WEAR AND FRICATION BEHAVIOR 48
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 48
3.1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
3.2. FRICTION MEASUREMENTS 48
3.3. MEAN WEAR VALUES 48
3.4. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION 49
3.5. MORPHOLOGY OF THE WORN SURFACE 49
3.6. DISCUSSION 51
4. CONCLUSIONS 51
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 52
REFERENCES 52
Friction and Wear Characteristics of Advanced Space Lubricants 53
INTRODUCTION 53
EXPERIMENTAL 53
SAMPLE OIL AND GREASES 53
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHOD 53
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 53
CONCLUSION 54
REFERENCES 54
Lubrication Analysis of Journal Bearing and Rotor System Using CFD and FSI Techniques 55
1. INTRODUCTION 55
2. ANALYSIS 55
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 55
4. CONCLUSION 56
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 56
REFERENCES 56
Oil Film Behavior under Minute Vibrating Conditions in EHL Point Contacts 57
INTRODUCTION 57
EXAMINATION OF FRETTING WEAR 57
MEASUREMENT OF MINIMUM OIL FILM THICKNESS 58
CONCLUSION 58
REFERENCES 58
Different Loading and Motion Applied on Hip Simulators Affects the Lubrication of Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants 59
INTRODUCTION 59
MATERIALS AND METHOD 59
RESULTS 60
CONCLUSIONS 60
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 60
REFERENCES 60
EHD Lubrication of Different Types of Gears 61
INTRODUCTION 61
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 61
RESULTS 62
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 62
REFERENCES 62
The Role of Heat Partition in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 63
ABSTRACT 63
INTRODUCTION 63
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 63
THERMAL EHL ANALYSIS 64
CONCLUSIONS 64
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 64
REFERENCES 64
Influence of Surface Roughness on Elastohydrodynamic Journal Bearings with Non-Newtonian Lubricants 65
INTRODUCTION 65
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONS 65
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 65
CONCLUSIONS 66
NOMENCLATURE 66
REFERENCES 66
Magnetic Fluid Based Squeeze Film Behavior between Transversely Rough Curved Plates 69
Engine Lubrication System Analysis and Oil Pump Design Optimization 71
INTRODUCTION 71
ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT AND PRESSU REREGULATION 71
OIL PUMP SIZING 72
PRESSURE SETTING FOR PRV 72
OIL PUMP DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 73
CONCLUSION 75
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75
REFERENCES 75
Temperature-Dependent Rheology and Tribology of Lubrication Greases Investigated with New Flexible Platform for Tribological Measurements on A Rheometer 76
INTRODUCTION 76
RHEOMETER AND TRIBOLOGY DEVICE 76
MEASUREMENTS AND DISCUSSION 77
CONCLUSIONS 78
REFERENCES 78
Study on Characteristic Parameters of Wear Particle Boundary 79
1 INTRODUCTION 79
2 EXTRACTION METHOD OF BOUNDARY WAVE OF WEAR PARTICLE 79
3 CHAOTIC PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF BOUNDARY WAVE 80
4 APPLICATIONS 81
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 83
REFERENCES 84
Viscosity Variation Model and Its Application in Micro/Nano-Scale Clearance 85
INTRODUCTION 85
1. VISCOSITY TRANSITION LAYER MODEL 85
2. REYNOLDS EQUATIONS FOR TRANSITION LAYER MODEL 86
3. CALCULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 87
3.1 Lubrication properties predicted with the transition layer model 87
3.2 Croucher application of the transition layer model 88
4. CONCLUSIONS 89
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 89
REFERENCES 89
Numerical Solving Method for the Structural Stiffness of Gas Foil Bearings 90
INTRODUCTION 90
THOERY AND NUMERICAL SOLVING METHOD 91
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 93
CONCLUSIONS 94
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 94
REFERENCES 94
Biotribological Properties of Natural Swine Joint Cartilage 96
INTRODUCTION 96
EXPERIMENT DETAILS 96
SAMPLE PREPARATION 96
EXPERIMENT METHODS 96
RESULTS 96
EFFECT OF LUBRICATION ON FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES 96
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LOCATIONS ON FRICTION PROPERTIES 97
WEAR SURFACE ANALYSIS 97
CONCLUSIONS 98
REFERENCES 98
Effect of Surface Texturing on Lubrication Film Formation within Non-Conformal Contacts 99
INTRODUCTION 99
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 99
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 100
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 100
REFERENCES 100
Experimental Investigation of Time-Dependent Oil Film Pressure in a Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearing 101
Introduction 101
Dynamically loaded journal bearing test apparatus 101
Data Acquisition 102
Investigation of time-dependent oil film pressure and oil film transfer 102
Summary 108
Reference 108
Experimental Research and Numerical Simulation of LY12 and HPb62-2 Ring Compression 109
INTRODUCTION 109
EXPERIMENTAL 109
MATERIALS 109
SPECIMENS AND SETUP 109
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 110
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 110
CONCLUSIONS 111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 111
REFERENCES 111
Application of Metal Self-Repairing Additives on Cylinder-Piston Ring Rubbing Pairs 113
INTRODUCTION 113
EXPERIMENTS 113
1. Study on dredger 113
2. laboratory experiment 114
DISCUSSION 114
1. The results of the real ship test 114
2. The results of pin-on-disk experiment 115
CONCLUSIONS 116
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 116
REFERENCES 116
Wettability Study of Multiply-Alkylated Cyclopentanes (MACs) on Silicon Substrates 117
1. INTRODUCTION 117
2. EXPERIMENT DETAILS 117
2.1. Materials 117
2.2. Substrates and film preparation 117
2.3 Characterization of the films 117
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 117
3.1. Wettability 117
3.2. Surface topological structure 117
3.3. Adhesion 118
4. CONCLUSION 118
REFERENCES 118
Numerical Analysis on Hydrodynamics of Circular Translational Polishing under Mixed Lubrication 119
INTRODUCTION 119
MODEL EQUATIONS 119
FILM THICKNESS EQUATION 119
AVERAGE REYNOLDS EQUATION 120
ASPERITY CONTACT PRESSURE EQUATION 120
SOLUTION PROCEDURES 120
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 120
CONCLUSION 122
REFERENCES 123
Micro-Tribological Analysis of POM-MoS2-Compounds 124
INTRODUCTION 124
RESULTS 124
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 124
On Lubrication Characteristics of Dual Tori Double-Enveloping Toroidal Worm Drive 125
1 INTRODUCTION 125
2 THE FIRST ENVELOPING 125
2.1 Generating flank equation and its parameters 125
2.2 Relative motion and meshing function in the first enveloping 125
2.3 Worm helicoid equation and its parameters 125
3 THE SECOND ENVELOPING 125
3.1 Relative motion and meshing function in the second enveloping 125
3.2 Worm gear tooth flank equation 125
3.3 Geometrical parameters in the second enveloping 125
4 LUBRICATION PROPERTIES OF WORM PAIR 125
5 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION 125
6 CONCLUSIONS 125
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 125
REFERENCES 125
Thermoelastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Crankshaft Bearing Considering Crankshaft Deformation under Load 127
INTRODUCTION 127
ANALYTICAL FORMULATION AND METHOD 127
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 129
CONCLUSIONS 130
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 130
REFERENCES 130
Transient Behavior of Elasto-Metal-Plastic Journal Bearing during the Stage of Stop 131
INTRODUCTION 131
ANALYSIS 131
RESULTS AND DISCUSION 132
CONCLUSIONS 133
NOMENCLATURE 133
REFERENCES 134
Analyses on the Splashing Parameters of High-Speed Oil Impacted a Wall in Jet Lubrications 135
INTRODUCTION 135
THEORY MODELS 135
1. Jet breakup Model 135
2. Spattering Models 135
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 136
CONCLUSIONS 136
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 136
REFERENCES 136
Interferometry Measurement of Spinning Effect on Sliding EHL 137
1 INTRODUCTION 137
2 EXPERIMENT APPARATUS AND CONDITIONS 137
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 138
REFERENCES 139
Effect of Wide Dimples on Planar Contact Lubrication 140
1 INTRODUCTION 140
2 Experimental scheme 140
2.1 Samples 140
2.2 Experimental procedures 140
3 Experimental Results 140
3.1 Effect of dimple depth 140
3.2 Effect of surface roughness 141
3.3 Effect of dimple area percentage 141
3.4 Effect of unit size 141
4 Discussion 141
Summary 141
References 141
Friction Properties and Microstructure of Al-Cu-Fe Nano Films 142
INTRODUCTION 142
MATERIALS AND METHODS 142
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 142
CONCLUSION 144
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 144
REFERENCES 144
Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy by FOTS Self-Assembled Monolayers Modification Treatment 145
INTRODUCTION 145
EXPERIMENTS 145
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 145
CONCLUSIONS 148
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 148
REFERENCES 148
Influence of Spinning Effect on the Rolling EHL Films 149
INTRODUCTION 149
1 TEST PRINCIPLE 149
2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 149
3 NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 150
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 150
REFERENCES 150
A Study on Lubrication Characteristics between Piston Ring and Cylinder Bore of Bent-Axis Type Piston Pump 151
INTRODUCTION 151
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 151
ANALYSIS RESULT 152
CONCLUSION 154
REFERENCES 154
The Fabrication and Lubricant Performance of MoS2 Nanotubes Arrays 155
INTRODUCTION 155
EXPERIMENTAL 155
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 155
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 156
REFERENCES 156
The Research on the Lubricant Aging under Durability Test of the Porous Sliding Bearings 157
INTRODUCTION 157
RESEARCH PROGRAM 157
CONCLUSION AFTER RESEARCH PROGRAM 158
REFERENCES 158
Models for Predicting Friction Coefficient and Parameters with Influence in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 159
INTRODUCTION 159
LIMITING SHEAR STRESS MODEL 159
CARREAU’S MODEL 159
EXPERIMENTATION 159
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 160
CONCLUSIONS 160
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 160
REFERENCES 160
Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness in Elliptical Contacts with Rolling and Spinning 161
1. INTRODUCTION 161
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 161
2.1 REYNOLDS EQUATION 161
2.2 PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS 161
2.3 FILM THICKNESS 162
2.4 LOAD CONDITIONS 162
2.5 DIMENSIONLESS EQUATIONS 162
2.6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 162
3. NUMERICAL METHODS 163
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 163
5. CONCLUSIONS 164
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 165
REFERENCES 165
NOTATION 165
Experimental Study on the Tribological Properties of Pure Powder Lubrication under Plane Contact 166
INTRODUCTION 166
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 166
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 166
CONCLUSIONS 167
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 167
REFERENCES 167
Hydrodynamic Analysis and Experiment Verification of the High-Pressure Small-Flow Centrifugal Pump 168
1 Geometric model and boundary condition 168
1.1 The model of the interior flow field of centrifugal pump 168
1.2 Mesh generation 168
2 Calculation result and analysis 168
2.1 Calculation result 168
2.2 Pressure distribution 168
2.3 Velocity distribution 168
2.4 Performance evaluation curves 168
3 Centrifugal pump test and validation 168
3.1 Centrifugal pump 168
4 Conclusions 169
References 169
Effect of Liquid Surface Tension and Viscosity on Micro-Bubble Induced by External Electric Field 170
INTRODUCTION 170
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 170
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 170
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 171
REFERENCES 171
Study of Water Lubrication in Sliding Point Contact Friction Pairs with Hydrophobic Surfaces 172
INTRODUCTION 172
EXPERIMENTAL 172
FRICTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSTION 173
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 173
REFERENCES 173
A Simplified Numerical Elastic-Plastic Contact Model for Rough Surfaces 174
1. INTRODUCTION 174
2. THEORY AND DESCRIPTIONS 174
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 177
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 180
NOMENCLATURE 180
SUBSCRIPTS 181
REFERENCES 181
Film Characteristics of Grease in Point Contact under Micro-Swaying Motion 182
INTRODUCTION 182
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 182
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 182
CONCLUSION 183
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 183
REFERENCES 183
Effects of Solid Body Temperature on the Non-Newtonian Thermal EHL Behavior in Point Contacts 184
INTRODUCTION 184
MATHEMATIC MODEL 184
RESULTS 184
CONCLUSIONS 185
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 185
REFERENCES 185
Numerical Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Flying Magnetic Head with Ultra Thin Spacing 186
INTRODUCTION 186
1. Mathematic Model 186
1.1 The FK-Boltzmann Modified Reynolds Equation 186
2 Methods of Solution 187
2.1 The Static Pressure Distribution 187
3 Results and Discussions 187
3.1 Static Pressure Distribution 187
3.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Gas Film in Frequency Domain 188
4 Conclusions 189
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 189
REFERENCES 189
The Analysis of Higher Guide Bearing Pad Temperature and Its Fault Diagnosis 190
INTRODUCTION 190
TILTING-PAD BEARING LUBRICATION MODEL 190
BEARING PAD PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SOLUTION 190
BEARING PAD TEMPERATURE COMPUTATION 190
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES AND RESULTS 191
PAD TEMPERATURE RISE AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS 191
CONCLUSIONS 192
REFERENCES 192
Pitting Life Prediction Based on a 3-D Line Contact Mixed EHL Analysis and Subsurface von Mises Stress Calculation 193
INTRODUCTION 193
MODELING APPROACHES 193
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 193
CONCLUSIONS 194
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 194
REFERENCES 194
Numerical Lubrication Simulation of Metal-on-Metal Hip Joints: Ball-in-Socket Model and Ball-on-Plane Model 195
INTRODUCTION 195
2 MODELING OF LUBRICATION OF HIP JOINT REPLACEMENTS 195
3 NUMERICAL APPROACH 195
4 RESULTS 196
5 CONCLUSIONS 196
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 196
REFERENCES 196
Deterministic Simulation of Surfaces in Conformal-Contact Lubrication 197
INTRODUCTION 197
NUMERICAL APPROACHES 197
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 198
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 198
REFERENCES 198
Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Effect of Surface Texture on Fluid Film Formation 199
INTRODUCTION 199
EXPERIMENTS 199
Texture preparation 199
Friction tests 199
SIMULATION 199
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 200
CONCLUSIONS 200
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 200
REFERENCES 200
Marangoni Stress and Its Effects on the Flow in an Evaporating Sessile Droplet 201
INTRODUCTION 201
EXPERIMENTS 201
CONCLUSIONS 202
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 202
REFERENCES 202
Film Forming Characteristics of Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Super-Low Oil Concentration 203
INTRODUCTION 203
Experiment details 203
Experiment results 203
Discussions 204
Conclusion 204
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 204
REFERENCES 204
A Piston Lubrication Model Considering the Coupling between the Piston Secondary Motion and the System Inertia Variation in an IC Engine 206
INTRODUCTION 206
PISTON DYNAMICS MODEL DERIVATION 206
Kinematic analysis 206
Kinetic analysis 206
Equations of Lubrication 208
MODEL IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE 208
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 209
CONCLUSIONS 210
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 211
REFERENCES 211
Analysis of the Combined Effect of the Surface Roughness and Inertia on the Performance of High-Speed Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing 212
INTRODUCTION 212
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE HIGH SPEE DHYDROSTATIC THRUST BEARING 212
SIMPLIFIED LUBRICATION MODEL 212
MODIFIED FILM THICKNESS 213
PERTURBATION SOLUTION 213
RECESS BOUNDARY PRESSURES 214
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS 214
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 214
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 215
STATIC PERFORMANCE 215
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE 215
CONCLUSIONS 216
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 216
REFERENCES 216
Study on the Efficiency of the New-Style Reducer with the Green Lubricant 217
INTRODUCTION 217
THE TEST PROCCESS 217
CONCLUSION 220
REFERENCES 220
Pressure Dependence of the Limiting Shear Stress Coefficient of Liquid Lubricants 221
INTRODUCTION 221
FROM a TO . 222
EMPIRICAL MODEL OF . AND CORRELATION WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA 222
CONCLUSION 223
REFERENCES 223
A Method of Dual Number for the Aerodynamic Property Analysis of Gas-Lubricated Mechanism: Self-Pressurizing Thrust Bearings and Non-Contacting Face Seals (Part I: Analytical Methods) 226
INTRODUCTION 226
GAS FILM LINEAR PERTURBED REYNOLDS EQUATIONS 226
THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS AND DAMPING COEFFICIENTS OF GAS FILM 227
DISCUSSION ON THE MATHEMATIC AND PHYSICAL MEANINGS OF THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS AND DAMPING AND THEIR PERTURBED PRESSURE OF GAS FILM 228
CONCLUSIONS 228
APPENDIX A 229
APPENDIX B 229
NOMENCLATURE 229
REFERENCES 229
A Model for the Calculation of the Micro-Pores Number of Compressively Molded Polyimide Porous Materials 231
1 INTRODUCTION 231
2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 231
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 231
4 CONCLUSIONS 234
REFERENCES 234
Frictional Dynamics in a Two Dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova Model with Square Lattice Symmetry 235
INTRODUCTION 235
MODEL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS 235
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 239
REFERENCES 239
Advances in Investigation of Elasto-Aerodynamic Lubrication in Compliant Foil Bearings 240
INTRODUCTION 240
GENERALIZED SOLUTION OF ELASTO-AERODYNAMIC LUBRICATION 240
DYNAMIC STIFFNESS AND DAMPING COEFFICIENTS 243
PREDICTION OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FOIL BEARING-ROTOR SYSTEMS 244
CONCLUSIONS 245
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 245
REFERENCES 245
Normal Stress Effects in Journal Bearing Lubrication with Maxwell Fluid 246
INTRODUCTION 246
1. Expression of the first normal stress 246
2. Numerical calculation of the journal bearing lubrication 247
3 Numerical results in steady laminar lubrication 247
4. Conclusions 248
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 248
References 248
Technical Sessions: II. Friction and Wear 250
Analysis of Bearing Outer Ring Creep with FEM 251
INTRODUCTION 251
EXPERIMENT 251
SIMULATION BY FEM 252
CONCLUSION 252
REFERENCES 252
Effects of Content of MoS2 on Sliding Tribological Behavior of Copper-Based Powder Metallurgy Materials under Electrical Current 253
1.INTRODUCTION 253
2. EXPERIMENTAL 253
2.1 Materials 253
2.2 Wear test apparatus 253
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 253
4.CONCLUSIONS 254
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 254
REFERENCES 254
Research on Frictional Wear Properties of C/C Composite with Electric Current 256
INTRODUCTION 256
1. TEST METHOD 256
1.1 FRICTION WEAR TEST WITH ELETRIC CURRENT 256
1.2 MICRO-ANALYSIS TO WEAR SURFACE 256
2. TEST RESULT 256
2.1 THE EFFECTS OF VELOCITY AND LOAD ON FRICTIONAL WEAR PROPERTIES 256
2.2 THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON FRICTIONAL WEAR PROPERTIES 257
3. DISCUSSION 257
4. WEAR MECHANISM OF C/C COMPOSITE 258
4.1 GENERATION OF ARC AND THE EFFECT OF ARC ON WEAR PROCESS 258
4.2 WEAR MECHANISM ANALYSIS 258
5. CONCLUSION 259
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 259
REFERENCES 259
Friction Behavior of C/C-SiC Braking Composites Fabricated by Warm Compacted-in situ Reaction 260
INTRODUCTION 260
1. EXPERIMENT 260
1.1 Materials processing 260
1.2 Materials testing 261
2. RESULTS 261
2.1 Friction and wear properties 261
2.2 SEM micrographs of the worn surface 261
3. DISCUSSION 262
3.1 The influence of carbon fiber 262
3.2 The influence of SiC 262
3.3 The influence of graphite 262
3.4 The influence of resin carbon 262
4. CONCLUSIONS 262
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 263
REFERENCES 263
Tribological Properties of Hybrid Ag4SiW12O40 Nanoparticles Multilayer Films 264
INTRODUCTION 264
1 EXPERIMENTAL 264
1.1 MATERIALS 264
1.2 ASSEMBLE OF FILMS 264
1.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF FILMS 265
1.4 TRIBOLOGICAL TEST 265
2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 265
2.1 UV-VIS SPECTRA 265
2.2 XPS SPECTRA 265
2.3 AFM STUDIES 266
2.3.1 TOPOGRAPHIC 266
2.3.2 FRICTION PERFORMANCE 266
2.3.3 WEARING PERFORMANCE 267
2.4 MICRO-FRICTION AND WEAR TEST MACHINE STUDIES 267
3 CONCLUSIONS 268
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 268
REFERENCES 268
Study on Fatigue Crack Behavior of Rail in Different Curve Radius 269
1 INTRODUCTION 269
2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 269
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 269
4 CONCLUSIONS 270
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 270
REFERENCES 270
Improvement in Wear Resistance of TiNi Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion and Annealing Treatment 271
INTRODUCTION 271
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 271
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 271
CONCLUSIONS 273
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 273
Self-Healing of a Soft Primer Coating Caused by Plasticization during Sliding against UHMWPE 274
INTRODUCTION 274
EXPERIMENTS 274
TEST RESULTS: PRESENTATION & DISCUSSION
Friction on large-scale and small-scale 274
Polymer wear depending on contact conditions 275
Coating wear depending on contact conditions 275
Self-healing of the coating on FOF-tests 275
REFERENCES 275
Performance of an Infinitely Long Transversely Rough Hydrodynamic Slider Bearing 276
Introduction 276
Analysis 276
Results and discussions 277
Key References 277
Investigation of Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Ti811 Alloy at Elevated Temperature 278
INTRODUCTION 278
EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES 278
RESULTS and DISCUSSION 278
CONCLUSIONS 281
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 281
REFERENCES 281
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of a Tribological Couple: Spray-Deposited Al-Si/SiCp Composites/Brake Pads 282
INTRODUCTION 282
EXPERIMENTAL 282
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 282
CONCLUSIONS 283
REFERENCES 283
Wear Behaviors of a Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glass under Various Gas Atmosphere 284
1. Introduction 284
2. Experimental 284
3. Results and discussion 284
4. Conclusions 286
Acknowledgements 286
REFERENCES 286
A Study of the Correlation between Gear Wear and Vibration 287
1 INTRODUCTION 287
2 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 287
3 EXPERIMENTATION 288
3.1 Test equipment 288
3.2 Test Plans 289
4 ANALYSIS OF THE TEST DATA 289
4.1 Constant load and speed 290
4.2 Variable load and speed 290
5 SUMMAYR 291
REFERENCES 291
Study on the Relationship between Microstructural Change in Friction-Induced Deformation Layer and Friction Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel 292
1 INTRODUCTION 292
2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 292
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 292
4 Conclusions 296
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 296
REFERENCES 296
Abrasive Wear Behavior of Several Metallic Materials under Simulated Sand-Dust Environment 297
INTRODUCTION 297
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 297
1. EFFECT OF APPLIED LOAD ON WEAR BEHAVIOR 297
2. EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE ON FRICTION AND WEAR 298
REFERENCES 298
Wear Behavior of Plasma-Nitrided 2Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel under Air and Vacuum 299
1. INTRODUCTION 299
2. EXPERIMENTAL 299
2.1. SPECIMEN PREPARATION 299
2.2. FRICTION AND WEAR TESTS 299
3. MAIN RESULTS 299
3.1. MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATIONS 299
3.2. WEAR BEHAVIORS AND MECHANISMS 300
REFERENCES 300
Sealing Performance and Wear Mechanism of PTFE Oil Seal 301
INTRODUCTION 301
1 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF OIL SEAL 301
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF CONTACT BETWEEN OIL SEAL AND SHAFT 301
1.2 NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS 302
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 302
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF COMPOSITE PREPARATION 302
2.2 FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEAR 302
2.3 RADIAL FORCE EXPERIMENT 303
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 303
3.1 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE INVESTIGATION OF WORN SURFACE AND TRANSFER FILMS 303
3.2 ANALYSIS OF SEALING PERFORMANCE 304
4 CONCLUSION 304
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 304
REFERENCES 304
Fretting Corrosion Wear of Synergy between Mechanical and Electrochemical for Biomaterials in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution 306
1. INTRODUCTION 306
2. Experimental details 306
2.1 Wear test 306
2.2 Experimental condition 307
3. Results and discussion 307
3.1 Polarization 307
3.2 fretting wear at the free potential 308
3.3 Fretting wear volume in pure water and under fretting condition 308
3.4 The synergistic amounts of fretting and corrosion 308
3.5 Discussion on synergistic mechanism 309
4. Conclusions 311
References 311
Torsional Fretting Behaviors of UHMWPE against Different Counter-Bodies 312
INTRODUCTION 312
EXPERIMENTAL DETAIL 312
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 312
CONCLUSION 313
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 313
REFERENCES 313
An Experimental Study on the Rotational Fretting Wear Behavior of LZ50 Steel 314
INTRODUCTION 314
Experimental 314
Results and discussion 314
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 315
REFERENCES 315
Comparative Study of Tribological Properties with Different Fibers Reinforced PTFE/PEEK Composites at Elevated Temperatures 316
1. INTRODUCTION 316
2. Experimental Details 316
2.1 Materials and preparation of PEEK composites 316
2.2 Friction and wear tests 316
3. Results and discussion 316
3.1 Friction and wear properties 316
3.2 Morphological examination on transfer film 317
4.Conclusions 317
References 317
Research on Friction Characteristic of End Faces of Mechanical Seals 318
INTRODUCTION 318
FRICTION MECHANISM OF END FACES OF MECHANICAL SEALS MAIN 318
FRICTION REGIME OF END FACES OF MECHANICAL SEALS 318
DRY FRICTION REGIME 319
BOUNDARY FRICTION 319
FLUID FRICTION REGIME 319
MIXED FRICTION REGIME 319
METHODS FOR JUDGING FRICTION REGIMES OF EDN FACES OF MECHANICAL SEALS 319
FRICTION FACTOR METHOD 319
MAYER METHOD 320
RELATIVE FILM THICKNESS METHOD 320
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION of FRICTION FACTOR OF GY70 MECHANICAL SEAL 320
TEST DEVICE 320
TEST CONDITIONS 320
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 321
JUDGEMENT OF FRICTION REGIME OF END FACES OF GY70 MECHANICAL SEAL 321
FRICTION FACTORING METHOD 321
DUTY PARAMETER METHOD 321
MAYER METHOD 322
RELATIVE FILM THICKNESS METHOD 322
CONCLUSIONS 322
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 322
REFERENCES 322
Failure Mechanism of H adfield Steel Crossing 323
INTRODUCTION 323
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 323
TRACKING AND INVESTIGATION RESULTS 323
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 323
MICROSTRUCTURE 324
NANOINDENTION AND NANOSCRATCH 324
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 324
REFERENCES 324
Synthesis and Tribological Behavior of Surface Coated Cu Nanoparticles in Liquid Paraffin 325
INTRODUCTION 325
EXPERIMENT 325
SYNTHESIS OF S-HEXYL N,N-DIHYDROXYETHYL DITHIOCARBAMATE AND MODIFIED COPPER NANOPARTICLES 325
FRICTION AND WEAR TESTS 325
ANALYSIS OF THE RUBBED SURFACE 326
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 326
DISPEISION CAPACITY 326
THE FT-IR ANALYSIS OF THE NANOPARTICLES 326
THE MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF NANOPARTICLES 326
THE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERIES 326
Tribological Behaviors at High Load of MoS2 Films in Vacuum 327
INTRODUCTION 328
REFERENCES 328
Experimental Study on Running-in of Steel Fiction Pair of Block on Disk in Oil with Micro-and-Nano Diamond Powder 329
INTRODUCTION 329
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 329
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 329
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 329
CONCLUSIONS 332
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 332
REFERENCES 332
Thermomechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of CaCO3 Whisker Reinforced Polyetheretherketone Composites 333
1. INTRODUCTION 333
2. EXPERIMENTAL 333
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 333
3.1 THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS 333
3.2 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL THERMAL ANALYSIS 334
3.3 TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATION 334
4. CONCLUSIONS 335
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 335
REFERENCES 335
Corrosive Fretting Wear Behavior of a Titanium Alloy TC11 in Artificial Seawater 336
INTRODUCTION 336
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 336
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 337
INFLUENCE OF LOAD AND AMPLITUDE ON THE FRICTION COEFICIENT OF TC11 337
INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEAR-LOSS OF TC11 338
WEAR MECHANISM 339
CONCLUSIONS 340
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 340
REFERENCES 340
Investigation on Rolling Contact Fatigue and Wear Properties of Railway Rail 341
1. INTRODUCTION 341
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 341
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 341
4. CONCLUSIONS 342
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 342
REFERENCES 342
Superlubricity Characteristics Using Ceramic Composite Mineral Powder as Lubricating Oil Additive 343
INTRODUCTION 343
1. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 343
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 343
2.1 THE SEM AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER SAMPLE 343
2.2 FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEIGHT LOSS 344
2.3 XPS ANALYSIS 344
3 CONCLUSION 346
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 346
REFERENCES 346
On the Wear-Resistance of Zinc-Based Composites Reinforced by Modified Silicon Phase 347
1.INTRODUCTION 347
2. EXPERIMENTAL 347
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 347
4. CONCLUSION 349
REFERENCES 349
On the Wear-Resistance of Low-Alloyed Steel Modified by Inoculants 350
1.INTRODUCTION 350
2. EXPERIMENTAL 350
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 350
4 CONCLUSIONS 351
REFERENCES 351
Research on Worn Mechanism of Disc-Brake Pair Materials for Drilling Rig 352
1 INTRODUCTION 352
2 EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 352
3 ANALYSIS OF WORN MECHANISM FOR BRAKE BLOCK MATERIAL 352
3.1 SEM AND EDAX ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE FOR BRAKE BLOCK 352
3.1.1 SEM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE WHEN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE IS 150 °C 352
3.1.2 SEM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE WHEN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE IS 300 °C 353
3.2 WEAR MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE FOR BRAKE BLOCK 354
4 ANALYSIS OF WORN MECHANISM FOR BRAKE DISC MATERIAL 354
4.1 XRD ANALYSIS OF FRICTION SURFACE 354
4.2 SEM AND EDAX ANALYSIS OF FRICTION SURFACE FOR BRAKE-DISC 355
4.2.1 SEM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE WHEN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE IS 150 °C 355
4.2.2 SEM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE WHEN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE IS 300 °C 355
4.2.3 EDAX ANALYSIS OF WORN SURFACE FOR BRAKE-DISC 355
4.3 SEM AND EDAX ANALYSIS OF GRINDINGS FROM BRAKE PAIR 355
4.4 WEAR MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF WEAR SURFACE FOR BRAKE DISC 356
5 CONCLUSIONS 356
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 356
REFERENCES 357
Mo delling of Self-Lubricat ion in Frictional Interaction 358
INTRODUCTION 358
PROBLEM FORMULATION 358
CALCULATION OF THE STRESS AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS INSIDE THE COMPOSITE LAYER 358
AMOUNT OF THE SOFT PHASE SQUEEZED OUT ON THE SURFACE OF THE ALLOY 359
NUMERICAL RESULTS 359
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 359
REFERENCES 359
An Asperity-Contact Based Oxidation Model for Fretting Wear with the Presence of Debris 360
INTRODUCTION 360
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 361
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 361
REFERENCES 361
Rolling Contact Fatigue of Silicon Nitride Balls under Pure Rolling Condition 362
1 INTRODUCTION 362
2 EXPERIMENT 362
2.1 TEST RIG 362
2.2 TEST SAMPLES 362
2.3 TEST CONDITION 362
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT 363
4 DISCUSSION 363
5 CONCLUSIONS 363
REFERENCES 363
Influence of Different External Pressure on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling of the Rough Surface during Sliding Contact 364
1. Introduction 364
2. Mode and Formulation 365
2.1 The Rough Surface Model and the Friction Pair 365
2.2 Heat transfer 365
2.3 Elastic problem 366
3. Analysis and Discussion 366
4. Conclusions 367
Acknowledgements 368
References 368
Effect of Transverse Surface Topography on Cavitation Erosion 370
INTRODUCTION 370
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 370
1. Equipments and methods 370
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 372
CONCLUSIONS 374
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 374
REFERENCES 374
The Theory of Debris Group in Ferrographic Analysis 375
INTRODUCTION 375
THE THEORY OF DEBRIS GROUP 375
MAIN IDEA OF THE THEORY OF DEBRIS GROUP 375
BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY OF DEBRIS GROUP 376
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF DEBRIS GROUP AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 376
HOW TO DETERMINE A PRACTICABLE DEBRIS GROUP 377
THE METHOD OF DEBRIS GROUP ANALYSIS 378
CONCLUSIONS 379
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 379
REFERENCES 379
A Method to Monitor Nonferrous Debris in Ferrographic Analysis 380
1 INTRODUCTION 380
2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 380
2.1 THE PREPARATION OF MAGNETIC FLUID 380
2.2 WEAR TEST AND FERROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 380
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 381
3.1 CHARACTERATION OF THE MAGNETIC FLUID 381
3.2 DEPOSITION OF NONFERROUS WERA DEBRIS 381
3.3 MAGNETIZATION MACHNISM OF NONFERROUS WEAR DEBRIS BY MAGNETIC FLUID 381
4 CONCLUSIONS 381
REFERENCES 381
Interaction between Micro-Particales and Bubbles in Cavitation-Erosion of Hydro-Machinery 382
1 Introduction 382
2 Experiment 382
3 Experiment result 382
3.1 Damage of micro-particles induced by bubble collapse 382
3.2 Effect of micro-particles on bubble collapse 382
4 Conclusion 383
References 383
Magnetization of Friction Surfaces and Wear Particles under Tribological Processes 384
INTRODUCTION 384
EXPERIMENTS 384
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 384
CONCLUSION 385
ACLNOWLEDGEMENTS 385
REFERENCES 385
Wear Progress Prediction of Carbide Tool in Turning of AISI1045 by Using FEM 386
INTRODUCTION 386
1 MODELING PROCEDURE 386
1.1 CONTINUOUS CHIP FORMATION SIMULATION 386
1.2 HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS 387
1.3 WEAR CALCULATION 387
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 388
3 SUMMARIES AND CONCLUSION 388
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 388
REFERENCES 388
Friction and Wear Properties of Fe7Mo6-Based Alloy under the Lubrication of Ethyl-Alcohol 390
INTRODUCTION 390
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 390
RESULTS 391
CONCLUSIONS 391
REFERENCES 391
Seizure of PEEK and Its Composite at High Sliding Velocity in Oil Lubrication 392
INTRODUCTION 392
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 392
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 393
SEIZURE TEST UNDER INCREASING LOAD 393
SEIZURE TEST UNDER CONSTANT LOAD 393
EFFECTS OF OIL FLOW RATE ON SEIZURE 394
SEM OBSERVATION OF WEAR SCARS AND WEAR DEBRIS 395
CONCLUSIONS 397
REFERENCES 397
Tribological Behavior of Chromium Alloyed Layer Prepared on Surface of TiAl 398
INTRODUCTION 398
EXPERIMENTAL 398
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 398
CONCLUSION 399
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 399
REFERENCES 399
Wear Characteristics under Boundary Lubrication Contacts in Phosphorated Starch Based Electrorheological Fluids 400
INTRODUCTION 400
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 400
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 401
CONCLUSIONS 401
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 401
REFERENCES 401
Abrasive Wear Mechanisms of Multi Component Ferrous Alloys Abraded by Soft, Fine Abrasive Particles 402
INTRODUCTION 402
METHODOLOGY 402
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 402
CONCLUSIONS 403
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 403
REFERENCES 403
The Analyzes of Mutual Influence of Contact Spots in Sliding Contact of a Periodic Surface and a Viscoelastic Foundation 404
INTRODUCTION 404
THE PROBLEM FORMULATION 404
THE STRIP METHOD 404
THE MODEL OF MATERIAL 404
CALCULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 404
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 405
REFERENCES 405
Different Nano-Fillers on the Tribological Properties of PTFE Nanocomposites 406
INTRODUCTION 406
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS MATERIALS AND PREPARATION OF THE PTFE NANOCOMPOSITES 406
MECHANICAL TESTS 406
FRICTION AND WEAR TESTS 406
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SURFACE MODIFICATION OF NANO RARE EARTH 407
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 407
FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES 407
MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ON THE WORN SURFACE AND TRANSFER FILM 407
CONCLUSIONS 408
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 408
REFERENCES 408
Study on Surface Passivation Treatment and Tribological Properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel in Hydrogen Peroxide 410
1 Introduction 410
2 Experiment details 410
2.1 Materials 410
2.2 Experimental procedure 411
2.2.1 Passivation treatment 411
2.2.2 Surface XPS analysis 411
2.2.3 Wear test 411
3 Results and Discussion 411
3.1 Potassium ferricyanide-nitric Acid test and propellant condition 411
3.2 Potentiodynamic polarization curves 411
3.3 XPS analysis 412
3.4 Friction and wear behavior 413
3.5 Wear mechanism 413
4 Conclusions 415
References 415
High Speed Tribology: Some Developments on Thermal Behaviors 416
INTRODUCTION 416
Experimental details 416
Results and discussion 416
Conclusions 417
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 417
REFERENCES 417
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Cu-Graphite Composite within a Wide Range of Sliding Velocity 418
INTRODUCTION 418
EXPERIMENTAL 418
MATERIALS 418
WEAR TEST 418
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 418
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 419
FRICTUIB CIEFFICIENT AND WEAR RATE 419
WORN SURFACE 419
WEAR DEBRIS 419
CONCLUSIONS 419
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 419
REFERENCES 419
Tribological Aspects of Control over Frictional Interaction between Solids in the Presence of Liquid Crystals 420
INTRODUCTION 420
NOMENCLATURE 421
REFERENCES 421
Effects of the Concentration of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution and NaCl Additive on the Potential-Controlled Friction 422
INTRODUCTION 422
Experimental details 422
Results and discussion 423
Conclusions 426
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 426
REFERENCES 426
Study of Wear and Corrosion Properties of Coated Ionic Liquid 427
INTRODUCTION 427
SAMPLES AND EQUIPMENT 427
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 428
CONCLUSION 430
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 430
REFERENCES 430
Deformation Behavior of Al-4Cu-2Mg Alloy during Cold Upset Forging 431
1. INTRODUCTION 431
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 431
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
3.1FRICTION FACTOR 432
3.2 FLOW CURVE 432
3.3 VISION BASED STRAIN AND STRESS ANALYSIS 432
4. FINITE ELEMENTS MODELING 433
5. VALIDATION OF FEA RESULTS 434
CONCLUSION 434
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 434
REFERENCES 435
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Pure Aluminium and Al-Cu Alloys 436
1. INTRODUCTION 436
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 436
2.1 MATERIALS 436
2.2 METALLOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS 436
2.3 WEAR TESTS 437
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 437
CONCLUSIONS 438
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 439
REFERENCES 439
Tribological Properties of Spark-Plasma-Sintered Al2O3-SrSO4 Self-Lubricating Nanocomposites at Elevated Temperatures 440
INTRODUCTION 440
EXPERIMENT 440
MATERIALS 440
PREPARATION OF SELF-LUBRICATING AL2O3 MATRIX COMPOSITES 441
CHARACTERIZATION AND WEAR TESTS 441
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 441
CONCLUSIONS 443
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 443
REFERENCES 443
Tribological Behaviors of Some Materials in Sea Water 444
INTRODUCTION 444
EXPERIMENTAL 444
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 445
1. THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS OF FIVE MATERIALS SLIDING AGAINST GCR15 445
2. THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS OF FIVE MATERIALS SLIDING AGAINST NI-CR –WC ALLOY 445
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 445
REFERENCES 445
Nanofretting Wear of Monocrystalline Silicon (100) against Spherical SiO2 Tip in Vacuum 447
INTRODUCTION 447
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 447
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 448
REFERENCES 448
Influence of Surface Finishing Operations on the Reciprocating Sliding Friction and Wear Response of WC Based Cemented Carbides 449
INTRODUCTION 449
EXPERIMENTAL 449
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 449
CONCLUSIONS 450
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 450
REFERENCES 450
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium Reinforced Polybenzimidazole Composites 451
INTRODUCTION 451
EXPREMENTAL 451
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS 451
INSTRUMENTATION 451
SYNTHESIS OF POLY -2,2-(M-PHENYLENE)-5,5-BIBENZIMIDAZOLE [46] 452
PREPARATION OF PBI MOLDED SPECIMENS VIA HOT-PRESS SINTERING IN VACUUM 452
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 452
VACUM VARIATION DURING HOT-PRESSING AND DENSITY OF SINTERED PRI/TI SPECIMENS 452
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 453
CONCLUSIONS 454
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 454
REFERENCES 454
Friction and Wear Behavior of Laser Cladding NiAl/hBN Self-Lubricating Composite Coating 456
INTRODUCTION 456
REFERENCES 456
Research on the Wear-Resisting Material Produced by Vacuum Evaporation Pattern Casting 457
1 INTRODUCTION 457
2 TESTING PROJECT 457
3 PREPARATION OF STEEL BASED WEAR RESISTANCEMATERIAL 457
3.1 DETERMINATION OF THE WEAR-RESISTING COATING COMPOSITION 458
3.2 DETERMINATION OF THE CASTING CONDITIONS 458
4 PERFORMANCE TESTING 458
4.1 SEM TESTING 458
4.2 THE ATTRITION PERFORMANCE TESTING 459
4.3 ANALYSIS OF WEAR-RESISTING PERFORMANCE TEST 459
4.4 THE IMPACT STRENGTH TEST 459
5 CONCLUSIONS 460
REFERENCES 460
Effect of Surface Topography on Friction and Wear of Cast Iron for Cylinder Liners 461
INTRODUCTION 461
EXPERIMENTS AND SPECIMENS 461
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 461
FRICTION 461
WEAR 462
CONCLUSIONS 462
REFERENCES 462
Wear Resistance Analysis of Hardening Materials for Engine Cylinder 463
INTRODUCTION 463
SURFACE-HARDENING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 463
EXPERIMENT ON CYLINDER WEAR RESISTANCE 464
EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 465
CONCLUSION 467
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 467
REFERENCES 467
Effects of Speed Sequence on Friction Properties of Sintered Cu-SiO2 468
INTRODUCTION 468
1. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL AND METHOD 468
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 468
2.1 EFFECTS OF THE SPEED SEQUENCES ON FRICTION PROPERTIES 468
2.2 EFFECTS OF THE SPEED SEQUENCES ON WEAR LOSS 470
3. CONCLUSIONS 470
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 470
REFERENCES 470
The Fluid Dynamic Lubrication between Tooth Surfaces of High Order Contact 471
INTRODUCTION 471
THE HIGH ORDER OF CONTACT BETWEEN TOOTH SURFACES 471
THE CONDITION FOR THE GAP BETWEEN TOOTH SURFACES TO BE AN INFINITE SMALL OF 3RD ORDER 471
THE FLUID DYNAMIC LUBRICATION BETWEEN TOOTH SURFACES OF HIGH ORDER CONTACT 473
CONCLUSION 473
REFERENCES 473
Study on Friction and Wear Behavior of Glass Fiber and Fly Ash Reinforced MC Nylon Composites 474
1. INTRODUCTION 474
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 474
2.1 MATERIALS 474
2.2 COMPOSITE SAMPLES 474
2.3 SLIDING TESTS 474
2.4. CHARACTERIZATION 475
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 475
3.1 GFFAPA composites..tribological properties 475
3.2 SEM studies and wear mechanisms of worn composites 476
4. CONCLUSIONS 477
REFERENCES 477
Experimental Study of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Chemical Mechanical Polishing for Sapphire Substrate 478
INTRODUCTION 478
EXPERIMENTS 478
DISCUSSION 480
CONCLUSION 480
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 480
REFERENCES 480
Friction and Wear of the Ceramic Coating Formed on Magnesium Alloy 481
INTRODUCTION 481
1. EXPERIMENTAL 481
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 481
2.1 SECTIONAL MICROSTRUSTURE OF THE COATING 481
2.2 SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE COATING 481
2.3 COMPOSITION OF THE COATING 482
2.4 XRD PHASE ANALYSIS 482
2.5 TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE COATING 483
3. CONCLUSIONS 483
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 483
REFERENCES 483
Thermal-Mechanical Couple Simulation of Solid Brake Disc in Repeated Braking Cycles 485
INTRODUCTION 485
FORMULATION 485
HEAT FLUX 485
HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT 485
THERMAL STRESS 485
SIMULATION AND RESULT 485
SIMULATION 485
TEMPERATURE FIELD 486
THERMAL DEFORMATION 486
THERMAL STRESS 486
CONCLUSIONS 486
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 486
REFERENCES 486
Preliminary Applications of King’s ART Technology in Industry 487
INTRODUCTION 487
1 FORMATION MECHANISM 487
2 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 487
2.1 APPLICATION IN AUTOMOBILE ENGINE--CASE 1 487
2.2 APPLICATION IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 488
2.3 APPLICATION IN JOURNAL BEARING OF HORIZONTAL SHAFT TYPE PUMP [3] 488
3 CONCLUSION 488
REFERENCES 488
Wear Properties of Potassium Titanate Whiskers Reinforced ZL109 Alloy Composites 489
INTRODUCTION 489
1 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 489
2 RESUTLS AND DISCUSSION 489
2.1 MiCROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS 489
2.2 WEAR PROPERTIES 489
2.3 METALLOGRAPHYIC OBSERVATIONS 489
3 CONCLUSIONS 490
REFERENCES 490
Mineralogical Mechanochemical Agent Assisted Reconditioning Effects and Mechanism on Worn Ferrous Surfaces 491
INTRODUCTION 491
MECHANOCHEMICAL ARENT CHEMISTRY 491
EXPERIMENTATION 491
RESULTS 491
DISCUSSIONS 492
CONCLUSIONS 492
REFERENCES 492
Experiment Research on the Friction Performance of O-Ring with Different Oil Swelling Ratios 493
INTRODUCTION 493
1 METHOD OF THE TEST 493
1.1 THE TEST CONTENT 493
1.2 THE TEST O-RING 493
1.3 THE TEST OILS 493
1.4 THE TEST METHOD 493
1.5 MEASURE AND CALCULATING OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS 493
2 METHOD OF THE DATA PROCESSING 493
2.1 VOLUME SWELLING RATIO OF O-RING DIPPED INTO GASOLINE, KEROSENE AND DIESEL OIL 493
2.2 RIGIDITY OF O-RING DIPPED INTO GASOLENE, KEROSENE AND DIESEL OIL 494
2.3 VARIETY OF STATIC AND KINETIC FRICTION AROUSED BY SWELLING 494
3 THE CONCLUSIONS 495
REFERENCES 495
Friction Behaviors of Bushing in Rolling Contact with Shaft and Electroless Ni-PTFE-P or Ni-Al2O3-P Coating 496
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. EXPERIMENTS 496
3. THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 497
3.1 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF THE COATINGS 497
3.2 FRICTION BEHAVIORS OF THE SHAFTS 497
3.3 WEAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BUSHINGS 498
4. CONCLUSIONS 499
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 499
REFERENCES 499
Technical Sessions: III. Micro/Nano-tribology 501
Nano and Micro Indentation and Scratch Tests of Mechanical Properties of Thin Films 502
INTRODUCTION 502
EXPERIMENTAL 502
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 502
CONCLUSIONS 503
REFERENCES 503
Synthesis of Nano-MoS2 Particles and Its Role in the Self-Lubrication of Polyacetal-Based Composite 504
INTRODUCTION 504
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 504
PREPARATION OF MOS2 NANO-BALLS 504
PREPARATION OF POM/MOS2 COMPOSITES 504
PROPERTIES OF POLYACETAL-BASED COMPOSITES 504
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 505
REFERENCES 505
Analysis of a Three-Body Contacting Model with the Adhesive Effect 506
INTRODUCTION 506
ANALYZING MODEL 506
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 507
REFERENCES 507
Analysis of Three-Body Contacting Model with Scale Effect 508
INTRODUCTION 508
ANALYZING MODEL 508
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 509
REFERENCES 509
Adhesion, Friction and Wear Measurements at Microscale 510
INTRODUCTION 510
EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT 510
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 511
Measurement of adhesion 511
Measurement of friction 511
CONCLUSIONS 511
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 511
REFERENCES 511
Fabrication and Nano-Tribological Behaviors of PDDA/Ag NPs Composite Molecular Deposition Films 512
INTRODUCTION 512
EXPERIMENTAL 512
1.1. MERIALS for PDDA/Ag NPs COMPOSITE MD FILMS 512
1.2. INSTRUMENTS 512
1.3. SYNTHESIS of SODIUM CITRATE-PROTECTED SILVER NANOPARTICLES 512
1.4. PREPARATION of PDDA/Ag NPs COMPOSITE MD FILMS 512
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 513
2.1. CHARACTERIZATION of SODIUM CITRATE PROTECTEDSILVER NANOPARTICLES 513
2.2. STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION of PDDA/Ag NPs COMPOSITE MD FILMS 513
2.3. EFFECTS of LOAD and SCAN RATE on the TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS of PDDA/Ag NPs COMPOSITE MD FILMS 513
2.4. WEAR BEHAVIORS of the PDDA/Ag NPs COMPOSITE MD FILMS 514
CONCLUSIONS 515
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 515
REFERENCES 515
Frequency Shift of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube under Axial Load 516
INTRODUCTION 516
COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE 516
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 516
CONCLUSION 517
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 517
REFERENCES 517
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Nano-Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquid Films 518
1. INTRODUCTION 518
2. 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETION 518
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 518
4. CONCLUSION 518
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 519
REFERENCES 519
Analysis on Wafer Tilt Effects in CMP Process 520
INTRODUCTION 520
1. MODEL DESCRIPTION 520
2. SIMULATION RESULTS 521
3. SUMMARY 521
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 521
REFERENCES 521
Size Effects on Friction of C3602 in Cylinder Compression 522
INTRODUCTION 522
EXPERIMENTAL 522
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 522
CONCLUSIONS 523
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 523
REFERENCES 523
Investigation on the Tribological Characteristics of Nano/Micro Solid Anti-Wear Additives in Engine Lubricants 524
1. INTRODUCTION 524
2. BRIEF DESCRIPTON OF TESTS AND SAMPLES 524
3. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 524
3.1 RESULTS OF MULTI-FUNCTION WEAR TESTS 524
3.2 RESULT OF EDX 525
3.3 WEAR VOLUME MEASUREMENT 526
4 CONCLUSION 527
REFERENCES 527
The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Tribological Behavior and Wear Resistance of a Polyamide Nanocomposite 528
INTRODUCTION 528
MICRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 528
MICROTRIBOLOGY 528
RESULTS 528
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 528
Experimental Investigation of the Frictional Behaviors at Particle-Surface Interfaces in CMP Application Using an Atomic Force Microscope 529
INTRODUCTION 529
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 529
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 530
REFERENCES 530
Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of Nano-Scale Adhesive Contacts 531
INTRODUCTION 531
FE MODEL OF ADHESIVE CONTACT 531
MODELING OF ADHESIVE FORCE 531
COMPARISON WITH ANALYTICAL CONTACT MODELS 531
EFFECT OF CONTACT GEOMETRY ON THE ADHESIVE CONTACT BEHAVIORS 532
EFFECT OF SURFACE PATTERN ON THE CONTACT BEHAVIORS 532
EFFECT OF CONTACT TIP ON THE CONTACT BEHAVIORS 532
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 532
REFERENCES 532
Nano/Micro-Tribological Properties of Ultrathin Functionalized Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Films on Silicon Wafer 533
1. INTRODUCTION 533
2. EXPERIMENTAL 533
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 533
3.1 NANOTRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR 533
3.2 MICROTRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR 534
4. CONCLUSIONS 534
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 534
REFERENCES 534
Micro Asperity Type Induced in Electrostatic Resistance of MEMS 535
INTRODUCTION 535
ELECTROSTATIC TANGENTIAL RESISTANCE 535
MODEL OF ELECTROSTATIC RESISTANCE FOR SMOOTH PLATES 535
MODEL OF ELECTROSTATIC RESISTANCE FOR SQUARE ASPERITIES 536
MODEL OF ELECTROSTATIC RESISTANCE FOR FRUSTUM ASPERITIES 537
MODEL OF ELECTROSTATIC RESISTANCE FOR SPHEROID ASPERITIES 538
INFLUENCE FACTORS ON THE ELECTROSTATIC RESISTANCE 538
INFLUENCE OF APPLIED VOLTAGE 539
INFLUENCE OF MICRO FEATURE PARAMETER 539
INFLUENCE OF ROUGHNESS SHAPE COEFFICIENT 539
CONCLUSIONS 540
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 540
REFERENCES 540
Experimental Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Recess Slider in Magnetic Recording System with Ultra-Thin Spacing 541
INTRODUCTION 541
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PRINCIPLES 541
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 541
1. The recess effect of ABS on the flying attitudes 541
2. The recess effect on the gas film performance 542
CONCLUSIONS 543
REFERENCES 543
Effect of Solvents on Frictional Properties of Monolayer Lubricant Films Coated on Magnetic Disk Surfaces 544
INTRODUCTION 544
EXPERIMENTAL 544
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 544
CONCLUSION 545
REFERENCES 545
Fly-Ability and Durability Test of Dynamic Fly Height Heads at 1 nm Clearance 546
INTRODUCTION 546
EXPERIMENTS 546
Apparatus 546
Samples 546
Experimental Methods 546
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 547
Slider Dynamics 547
Slider Wear 547
Disk Wear 548
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 548
REFERENCES 548
Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Thin Film Prepared by Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition 549
INTRODUCTION 549
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 549
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 550
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMENS SURFACE 550
CAVITATION EROSION PROCESS OF SPECIMENS 550
ERODED AREA AND ERODED AREA LOSS RATE 550
EFFECT OF CAVITATION STRENGTH ON CAVITATION EROSION CHARACTERISTICS OF TITANIUM ALLOY FILM 551
CONCLUSIONS 552
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 552
REFERENCES 552
Measurements of Vertical Elongation and Adhesive Force of Nanometers-Thick Lubricant Films on Magnetic Disks Using Micro Probe for SPM 553
INTRODUCTION 553
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHODOLOGY 553
IDENTIFICATION OF ELONGATION AND ADHESION 553
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 554
CONCLUSIONS 554
REFERENCES 554
Experimental Research on Boundary Slip of Confined Liquids at Micro/Nano Scale and Effect of Shear Rate and Viscosity 555
INTRODUCTION 555
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 556
REFERENCES 556
Study on Micro-Scale Gas Slider Bearing w ith Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method 557
INTRODUCTION 557
Model and simulation 557
Results and discussion 557
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 558
REFERENCES 558
Conclusion 558
Tribological Behaviors of Self-Assembled Dual-Layer Films in Atmosphere and in Vacuum 559
INTRODUCTION 559
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 559
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 560
REFERENCES 560
Research on Fractal Contact Model of Cylinders’ Surface 561
INTRODUCTION 561
1 REVIEW OF FRACTAL CONTACT MODEL 561
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF FRACTAL CONTACT MODEL ABOUT TWO RANDOM CYLINDERS 561
2.1 Discussion about n(a) 561
2.2 Construction of surface contact coefficient- .C 562
2.3 Rationality analysis of coefficient .C 562
2.4 Revision of distributing function n(a) 563
2.5 Establishment of fractal contact model about two cylinders 563
3 PREDICTION OF FRACTAL MODEL ABOUT CYLINDERS 563
3.1 Prediction 1 563
3.2 Prediction 2 564
3.3 Prediction 3 564
3.4 Prediction 4 565
4 CALCULATING EXAMPLE CONTRASTING WITH TRADITIONAL HERTZ MODEL 565
5 CONCLUSIONS 566
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 566
REFERENCES 566
Friction between Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Films—a Molecular Dynamics Study 567
INTRODUCTION 567
SIMULATION METHOD 567
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 567
A. Friction of hyfrogen-free DLC film 567
B. Friction of hydrogenated DLC film 568
CONCLUSION 568
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 568
REFERENCES 568
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic-Scale Friction in Diamond-Silver Sliding System 569
INTRODUCTION 569
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF STICK-SLIP FRICTION 569
A.SIMULATION METHOD 569
B.SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 569
C.CONCLUSIONS 570
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 570
REFERENCES 570
Molecular Dynamics Study on Carbon Nanotubes Sandwiched between Si Surface 571
INTRODUCTION 571
SIMULATION METHOD 571
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 571
REFERENCES 572
Tribological Aspects of Nanoimprint Process 573
INTRODUCTION 573
MAIN TRIBOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 573
TESTING PROCEDURE 573
EXAMPLES OF TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 573
CONCLUSIONS 574
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 574
REFERENCES 574
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Effect of Crystallographic Orientation on Nano-Indentation/Scratching Behaviors of BCC Iron 575
INTRODUCTION 575
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION 575
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 575
REFERENCES 576
3D Misorientation of Cantilevers and Its Impact in Friction Force Microscopy 577
INTRODUCTION 577
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION 577
FINITE ELEMENT MODELISATION 577
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 578
CONCLUSION 578
REFERENCES 578
Coupled Simulative Analysis for Drive Characteristic of Micro-Comb Structure 579
INTRODUCTION 579
3-D MODEL OF A COMB CELL FOR COUPLED ANALYSIS 579
THE EFFECT OF GROUND PLANE ON THE DRIVE PERFORMANCE 580
THE EFFECT OF SIDEWALL SLOPE ON DRIVING PERFORMANCE 580
THE EFFECT OF OFFSET ERROR IN LATERAL DIRECTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMB DRIVING 582
CONCLUSIONS 582
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 583
REFERENCES 583
Relating Friction and Processes Development during Chemical - Mechanical Polishing (CMP) 584
INTRODUCTION 584
UNDERSTANDING CMP FRICTION AND FRICTION MODELING 584
CONTACT MECHANICS 585
POLISHING EXPERIMENTS, PROCEDURES AND DISCUSSION 586
CONCLUSIONS 588
NOMENCLATURE 588
REFERENCES 588
An Irreversible Thermodynamics Theory for Friction and Wear 589
1 FRAMEWORK OF IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS FOR THIS WORK 589
1.1 Concept of entropy 589
1.2 Conservation laws 589
1.3 Entropy balance 589
2 APPLICATIONS 590
2.1 Understanding friction 590
2.2 Understanding wear 590
2.3 Entropy production by moving heat source 590
2.4 Entropy production by plastic deformation 590
3 CONCLUSIONS 590
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 591
REFERENCES 591
Fabrication and Flying Test of Silicon Sliders 592
INTRODUCTION 592
SLIDER FABRICATION 592
SIMULATION 593
EXPERIMENT 594
EXPERIMENT SETUP 594
EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE 594
FLYING HEIGHT TEST RESULTS 594
CONCLUSIONS 594
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 594
REFERENCES 594
Surface Damages on Silicon Surfaces Created by Large Silica Cluster Impacts: Molecular Dynamics Simulation 595
1 INTRODUCTION 595
2 SIMULATION METHODOLOGY 595
3 MECHANISM OF EXTRUSION FORMATION 595
4 THE CRITICAL VELOCITY OF THE EXTRUSION FORMATIONT 596
5 CONCLUSION 596
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 596
REFERENCES 596
Silicon Oxide Surface Chemistry and Nano-Tribology 597
INTRODUCTION 597
EFFECTS OF GAS ADSORPTION 597
IN-SITU VAPOR PHASE LUBRICATION OF MEMS 598
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 598
REFERENCES 598
Dynamic Testing for Evaluation of HDI Robustness 599
INTRODUCTION 599
EXPERIMENTAL 599
HDI ROBUSTNESS & RESULTS
DISCUSSION & SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 600
REFERENCES 600
Effect of Wall Roughness on Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannels 601
1. INTRODUCTION 601
2. MATHEMATIC MODELS 601
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 602
3.1. EOF IN SMOOTH MICROCHANNELS 602
3.2. EFFECTS OF ROUGHNESS HEIGHT 602
3.3. EFFECTS OF ROUGHNESS INTERVAL SPACE 602
4. CONCLUSIONS 603
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 603
REFERENCES 604
Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring System: Friction and Its Control 605
INTRODUCTION 605
EXPERIMENTS 606
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 606
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 606
REFERENCES 606
Technical Sessions: IV. Tribology of Coatings, Surface and Interface 607
Fundamentals of Friction and Energy Dissipation 608
INTRODUCTION 608
MODEL AND CONFIRMATION 608
REFERENCES 608
The Future of Boundary Lubrication by Carbon Coatings and Environmentally Friendly Additives 609
INTRODUCTION 609
METHODS 609
FRICTION EXPERIMENTS 609
DLC COATING PREPARATION 609
SURFACE ANALYSES 609
FIB PREPARATION AND TEM STUDY 609
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 609
FRICTION OF DLC/DLC WITH GLYCEROL AND GMO 609
SUPERLUBRICITY AS STUDIED BY TOF-SIMS 610
STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF ta-C COATING AFTER FRICTION AS STUDIED BY EFTEM/FIB 610
CONCLUSION 610
REFERENCES 610
Tribological Behavior of Sputtered Boron Carbon Nitride Coatings and the Influence of Processing Gas 611
INTRODUCTION 611
REFERENCES 612
Effect of the Prepared Process on Tribological Properties of Multi-Layer Elastomeric DLC Monolayer 613
INTRODUCTION 613
EXPERIMENTAL 613
RESULTS and DISCUSSION 613
CONCLUSIONS 615
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 615
REFERENCES 615
Tribology Behaviors of in situ Nanoparticles doped Modecular Deposition Films 617
INTRODUCTION 617
1. EXPERIMENTS 617
1.1 PREPARATION of FILMS 617
1.2 INSTRUMENTS 617
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 617
2.1 UV SPECTRA ANALYSIC 617
2.2 XPS SPECTRA 617
2.3 AFM ANALYSIC 618
3. CONCLUSION 618
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 618
REFERENCES 618
The Friction Property of Hydrogenated Carbon with Fullerene Microstructure after Annealing 619
INTRODUCTION 619
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 619
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 620
REFERENCES 620
Study of Worn Surface Characterization Based on Singular Entropy 621
1. Introduction 621
2. Calculation method of character parameter 621
2.1. Singular entropy algorithm 621
2.1.1. Method of image processing based on SVD 621
2.2. Low frequency character parameter and high frequency character parameter of image 621
3. Experimental results 621
3.1. Different load wear test 622
3.2 Different rotational speed wear test 622
4. Conclusion 622
An Adaptive Meshless Model for Asperity Thermal Elasto-Plastic Contacts Considering Temperature-Dependent Material Properties 623
INTRODUCTION 623
DISCUSSION 623
CONCLUSION 624
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 624
REFERENCES 624
Thermal Oxidized Coating on Surface of Titanium Alloy for Improvement of Tribological Properties in Vacuum 625
INTRODUCTION 625
EXPERIMENTAL 625
1. SPECIMEN PREPARATION 625
2. FRICTION AND WEAR TESTS 625
RESULTS and DISCUSSIONS 625
1. MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATIONS 625
2. TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 626
3. ANALYSES ON WORN SURFACE AND DEBRIS 626
CONLUSIONS 627
REFERENCES 628
Study on Friction and Wear Properties in Vacuum for -Ray Irradiated PTFE Coatings 629
INTRODUCTION 629
EXPERIMENTAL SPECIMEN PREPARATION 629
FRICTION AND WEAR TESTS 629
RESULTS TRIBOLOGICALPROPERTIES 629
WORN SURFACE ANALYSIS 630
DISCUSSION 630
CONCLUSIONS 631
REFERENCES 631
Friction and Wear Behaviors of Plasma Sprayed Conventional and Nanostructured WC-12Co Coatings at Elevated Temperature 632
INTRODUCTION 632
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 632
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 633
REFERENCES 633
Wear Behavior of Chromizing-Titanizing Coating 634
INTRODUCTION 634
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 634
RESULTS 634
1.WEAR PROPERTY 634
2. STRUCTURE 635
CONCLUSIONS 635
REFERENCES 635
Preparation and Polishing Performances of -Al2O3 /Fe2O3 Composite Particles 636
1. INTRODUCTION 636
2. EXPERIMENTAL 636
2.1 PREPARATION OF -Al2O3 /Fe2O3 COMPOSITE ABRASIVE AND POLISHING SLURRY 636
2.1.1 PREPARATION OF a -Al2O3 /Fe2O3 COMPOSITE ABRASIVE 636
2.1.2 PREPARATION OF THE SLURRY 636
2.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF -Al2O3/Fe2O3 COMPOSITE ABRSIVE 636
2.3 POLISHING TESTS 637
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 637
3.1 STRUCTURE OF a -Al2O3/Fe2O3 COMPOSITE ABRASIVE 637
3.2 CMP PERFORMANCE OF SLURRY CONTAINING a -Al2O3 /Fe2O3 COMPOSITE ABRASIVE 637
3.2.1 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MATERIAL AMOUNT AND AVERAGE ROUGHNESS (Ra) 637
3.2.2 EFFECT OF COATED Fe2O3 CONTENT ON content MRA AND Ra 638
4. CONCLUSIONS 639
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 639
REFERENCES 639
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Friction and Wear Behavior of MoS2/Graphite Coatings in Vacuum 641
INTRODUCTION 641
EXPERIMENTAL 641
RESULTS and DISCUSSION 641
MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATIONS 641
TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS and MECHANISMS 641
CONCLUSIONS 643
REFERENCES 643
Preparation of Silica / Alumina Composite Abrasives and Their CMP Behavior on Hard Disk Substrate 644
INTRODUCTION 644
1. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 644
1.1 PREPARATION OF SILICA / ALUMINA COMPOSITION ABRASIVE 644
1.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA / ALUMINA COMPOSITION ABRASIVE 644
1.3 PREPATION OF THE SLURRY 644
1.4 POLISHING TEST 644
2. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 644
2.1 STRUCTURE AND DISPERSIBILITY OF SILICA / ALUMINA COMPOSITION ABRASIVE 644
2.2. CMP BEHAVIOR OF SLURRY CONTAINING THE SILICA / ALUMINA COMPOSITION ABRASIVE 645
3. CONCLUSIONS 646
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 646
REFERENCES 646
Friction Properties of Laser Surface Texturing and Molydenum Alloying Duplex-Treated Ni-Based Alloy 647
1 INTRODUCTION 647
2 EXPERIMENT 647
3 RESULTS 647
4 CONCLUSIONS 648
REFERENCES 648
Erosion Characteristic in Ultrasonic Cavitation Experiment 649
INTRODUCTION 649
EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENT 649
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 649
BUBBLE DISTRIBUTION 649
CAVITATION EROSION APPEARANCE 650
CONCLUSIONS 650
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 650
REFERENCES 650
Modification Effects of Potassium Titanate Whisker on the Water Absorption and Tribological Properties of PTFE Composites 651
1. INTRODUCTION 651
2. EXPERIMENTAL 651
2.1 MATERIAL 651
2.2 SPECIMEN PREPARATION 651
2.3 WATER ABSORPTION CHARACTERIZATION 651
2.4 TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION 651
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 651
3.1 WATER ABSORPTION BEHAVIORS 651
3.1.1 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON EQUILIBRIUM WATER CONCENTRATION 651
3.1.2 EFFECTS OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON EQUILIBRIUM WATER CONCENTRATION 651
3.2 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES 652
3.2.1 WEAR PROPERTY 652
3.2.2 FRICTION PROPERTY 652
4. CONCLUSIONS 652
REFERENCES 652
Influence of the C+-Implantation Dose on the Wetting and Adhesion Properties of Silicon Surfaces 653
INTRODUCTION 653
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 653
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 654
X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS 654
XPS ANALYSIS 654
RADIATION DAMAGE AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGY 654
WETTABILITY ANALYSIS 655
INFLUENCE OF C+-IMPLANTATION TO ADHESIVE FORCES 657
CONCLUSIONS 658
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 658
REFERENCES 658
The Effect of Laser Induced Oxygen-Diffusion Hardening on the Surface Structure and Scratch Resistance of Commercially Pure Ti 660
INTRODUCTION 660
EXPERIMENTAL 660
RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 660
CONCLUSIONS 660
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 661
REFERENCES 661
Structure and Tribological Characterization of TiB2/TiBN Multilayer Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering 662
INTRODUCTION 662
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 662
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 662
CONCLUSIONS 663
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 663
REFERENCES 664
First Principles Investigation of Water Adsorption on Fe (110) Crystal Surface Containing N 665
1 INTRODUCTION 665
2 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 665
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 665
3.1 GEOMETRY STRUCTURE AND ENERGIES 665
3.2 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE 666
3.2.1 WORK FUNCTION ANALYSIS 666
3.2.2 MüLLIKEN POPULATION ANALYSIS 666
3.2.3 DENSITY OF ELECTRONIC STATE ANALYSIS 667
4 CONCLUSIONS 668
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 668
REFERENCES 668
Research on Fabrication and Tribological Properties of Ti-Al Intermetallic Compound Lubricate Film 669
INTRODUCTION 669
EXPERIMENT DETAILS 669
RESULTS 669
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 669
FRICTION REASULTS 670
REFERENCES 670
XPS and SEM Analyses of Self-Repairing Film Formed by Mineral Particles as Lubricant Additives on the Metal Friction Pairs 671
INTRODUCTION 671
1. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 671
1.1 LUBRICANT 671
1.2 APPARATUS AND TEST PROCEDURE 671
1.3 TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 672
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 672
2.1 FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEIGHT LOSS 672
2.2 SEM ANALYSIS 672
2.3 XPS ANALYSIS 672
3 CONCLUSION 674
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 674
REFERENCES 674
Study on the Characteristics of Transferred Lubricating Thin Films on Ceramic Surfaces Generated in Liquid Nitrogen 676
INTRODUCTION 676
EXPERIMENTS 676
RESUTLTS AND DISCUSSION 676
CONCLUSIONS 677
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 677
REFERENCES 677
Cr17Ni14Mo3 Powder Laser Cladding on 45Steel Substrate 678
INTRODUCTION 678
TECHNICS PARAMETERS OF LASER CLADDING 678
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS & ANALYSIS
REFERENCES 679
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Plasma Sprayed NiCr/Cr3C2 and NiCr/Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2 Composite Coatings 680
1 INTRODUCTION 680
2 EXPERIMENTAL 680
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 681
3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF COATINGS 681
3.2 SLIDING FRICTION AND WEAR BEHAVIOR 682
3.3 WORN MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS 684
4 CONCLUSIONS 686
REFERENCES 686
Friction and Wear Property of Amorphous Carbon Films Prepared by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition 687
REFERENCES 688
Research on Silicon Content and Structure Relationship of Amorphous Si-DLC Films by Molecular Dynamics Simulations 689
INTRODUCTION 689
SIMULATION MODEL 689
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 689
CONCLUSIONS 692
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 692
REFERENCES 692
Effect of Deposition Parameters on Nano-Mechanical Properties of DLC Films by PECVD 693
INTRODUCTION 693
EXPERIMENT 693
Deposition of DLC Films 693
Measure apparatus 693
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 693
Dependence of the deposition time 693
Dependence of the RF power 694
Dependence of the deposition pressure 694
Dependence of the bias voltage 695
CONCLUSIONS 695
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 695
REFERENCES 695
The Effect of Laser Texturing of Steel Surfaces on Film Lubriction Based on Stribeck Curves 696
INTRODUCTION 696
EXPERIMENT 696
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 697
CONCLUSIONS 698
REFERENCES 698
Formation and Crystallization Kinetics of Amorphous Alloys 699
INTRODUCTION 699
1 Electronic shells and jumping energetic theories 700
2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of the amorphous 700
2.1 Discussion on kinetics of amorphous formation 701
2.2 M (Fe, Ni, Co)-(Re)-P electron structures energy 702
2.3 Crystallization of amorphous transformation 703
3 Conclusions 704
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 704
REFERENCES 704
Fabrication and Wear Resistance of Ni-CeO2 Nanocomposite Coatings by Electrodeposition under Ultrasound Condition 706
INTRODUCTION 706
Experimental 706
Results and discussion 706
Conclusions 707
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 707
REFERENCES(omitted) 707
On the Measurement of Slip Length for Liquid on Super-Hydrophobic Surface 708
INTRODUCTION 708
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 708
RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 709
CONCLUSION 709
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 709
REFERENCES 709
Effect of Plasma Surface Niobizing of -TiAl Alloy on Wear Resistance 710
1. INTRODUCTION 710
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 710
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 710
3.1 Nb-alloyed layer 710
3.2 Wear behavior 711
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 711
REFERENCES 711
Tr ibological Properties and High-Speed Drilling Performance of Zr-C:H:Nx% Coatings with Different Contents of Nitrogen 712
1. INTRODUCTION 712
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 712
2.1. WEAR TEST 712
2.2. HARDNESS AND ADHESION TESTS 712
2.3. DRILLING TESTS 712
3. RESULTS 712
3.1. COMPOSITION, MECHANICAL AND ADHESIVE PROPERTIES 712
3.2. TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND LIFETIME 712
3.3. HIGH SPEED DRILLING PERFORMANCE 712
3.4. DRILLING QUALITY IN DRILLING HOLE 712
4. CONCLUSIONS 713
Tribological Behavior of Sputtered CrAlNbN Hard Coatings at Elevated Temperatures 714
INTRODUCTION 714
EXPERIMENTAL 714
RESULTS 714
CONCLUSIONS 715
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 715
REFERENCES 715
The Method of Elastic Coatings Diagnostics from Indentation Data 716
INTRODUCTION 716
CONTACT PROBLEM FORMULATION AND THE METHOD OF SOLUTION 716
ALGORITHM OF THE LAYER THICKNESS AND THE ELASTICITY MODULUS CALCULATION 717
AN EXAMPLE OF LAYER THICKNESS AND ELASTICITY MODULUS CALCULATION 717
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 717
REFERENCES 717
The Effect of Electric Field on Adhesion Force with Liquid in MIM Structures 718
INTRODUCTION 718
EXPERIMENT 718
EXPERIMENT INSTRUMENT 718
EXPERIMENT MATERIALS 718
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 719
ADHESION FORCE WITH DIFFERENT LIQUID 719
THE EFFECT OF DIELECTRIC CHARGING ON ADHESION FORCE WITH NON-POLAR LIQUID 719
THE EFFECT OF LIQUID VOLUME ON ADHESION FORCE 719
CONCLUSION 720
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 720
REFERENCES 720
F C B U H T 721
REHYDRATATION OF VERMICULITE 722
SUBTITUTION OF CALCIUM IN WOLLASTONITE 722
In-situ Microtribology with High Local Resolution 723
INTRODUCTION 723
QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF SCRATCHES 723
CRITICAL REFLECTION 724
DESCRIPTION OF METHOD 724
MEASUREMENT RESULTS 725
REFERENCES 726
Optimization of Energy Efficiency of Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films in the Field of Solar Cells by Microtribological Rating 727
INTRODUCTION 727
MAIN BODY HEADINGS 727
Experimental details 727
Results and discussion 728
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 728
REFERENCES 728
Contact Analysis of a Spherical Wear Particle between Elastomeric Seal and Coated Steel Surface 729
INTRODUCTION 729
THE FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 729
RESULTS and DISCUSSIONS 729
CONCLUSIONS 730
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 730
REFERENCES 730
Effect of Particles Size and Morphology of Selected Compounds of Friction Composite on Friction Performance 731
INTRODUCTION 731
MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF PARTICLES 731
CONCLUSION 732
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 732
REFERENCES 732
New Technique of DLC Coating Obtaining for Tribology Applications 733
INTRODUCTION 733
FRICTION EXPERMENTS DETAILS 733
CONCLUSION 734
REFERENCES 734
Effect of Spraying Parameters on Microstructure and Thermal Stability of Fe-Based Metallic Glass Coatings 735
INTRODUCTION 735
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 735
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHASE ANALYSIS 735
MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS 736
THERMAL STABILITY OF SPRAYED COATING 736
REFERENCES 736
Factors Influencing the Fluid-Assisted Suface Cracking under Rolling -Sliding Contacts Loading 737
INTRODUCTION 737
CFD simulations 737
2D simulation 737
3D simulation 737
CONCLUSIONS 738
REFERENCES 738
Microstructure, Phase and Microhardness Distribution of Laser Deposited Ni-Based Amorphous Coating 739
INTRODUCTION 739
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 739
PHASE ANALYSIS 739
MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS 739
THERMAL STABILITY ANALYSIS 740
MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS 740
REFERENCES 740
Frictor Modifiers Optimization of the Ceramic Composites for Automotive Applications 741
INTRODUCTION 741
FRICTION PERFORMATION OF TWO TYPES OF COMPOSITES 741
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 742
REFERENCES 742
Friction and Wear Behaviors and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of TiN Film on Bearing Steel by Plasma Immersion lon Implantation and Deposition Technique 743
INTRODUCTION 743
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 743
MAIN RESULTS 743
CONCLUSION 744
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 744
REFERENCES 744
Connectivity Characterization of 3D Surface Topography Based on Mathematical Morphology 745
INTRODUCTION 745
CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF SURFACE STRUCTURES 745
THE CONCEPT AND MEASURE OF CONNECTIVITY 745
CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF 3D TOPOGRAPHY 745
CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS OF 3D SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY 745
VARIATION OF THE SURFACE CONNECTIVITY INDEX WITH PENETRATION HEIGHTS 745
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE CONNECTIVITY EVALUATION 746
CONNECTIVITY OF CYLINDER LINER SURFACE OF ENGINE 746
CONCLUSIONS 746
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 746
REFERENCES 746
Effect of Microstructure on the Friction Properties of the Electroless Ni-P Deposit 747
INTRODUCTION 747
CURRENT RESULTS 747
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 748
REFERENCES 748
Erosion Behaviors of Elastic Polymer Coatings 749
1. INTRODUCTION 749
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 749
2.1. Materials 749
2.2. Characterizations 749
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 750
3.1. Dynamic mechanical analysis 750
3.2. Relation between mechanical performances and coating proportion 750
3.3. Erosion test 750
3.4. Dry wearing test 751
4. CONCLUSION 751
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 751
References 751
Mechanical Properties of the TiAlSiN Coatings by Post Heat Treatments 753
INTRODUCTION 753
EXPERIMENTAL 753
RESULTS 753
CONCLUSIONS 754
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 754
REFERENCES 754
In-situ Measurements of Surface Temperature Fields on Ring-Block Contact Surface under Friction Using an Infrared Thermography 755
INTRODUCTION 755
EXPERIMENTAL 755
CONDITIONS 755
SET-UP 755
CALIBRATION 756
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 757
CONCLUSIONS 757
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 758
REFERENCES 758
Research on the Preparation, Characterization and Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Self-Assembled Monolayers on the Magnetic Head Surface 759
INTRODUCTION 759
EXPERIMENTAL 759
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 759
CONCLUSION 760
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 760
REFERENCES 760
Super-Hydrophobic and Self-Lubricating Carbon Coating on Ti3SiC2 761
INTRODUCTION 761
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 761
MATERIAL SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION 761
WETTABLE AND TRIBOLOGICAL TESTS 761
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 762
WETTABILITY 762
TRIBOLOGICAL RESULTS 762
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 762
REFERENCES 762
Corrosion Protection of Ultra-Thin Diamond-Like Carbon Films on Cuprum 763
INTRODUCTION 763
EXPERIMENTS 763
RESULTS 763
REFERENCES 764
SEM and AFM Study on Nanoparticles Used as Lubricating Oils Additives 765
INTRODUCTION 765
1. EXPERIMENT 765
2. RESULTS 765
2.1 TEM AND XRD ANALYSIS 765
2.2 TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR 766
2.3 SEM AND AFM STUDIES 766
3. CONCLUSIONS 766
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 766
REFERENCES 766
Study on Wear Model for Piston Ring and Strengthened Cylinder Wall of Engine 767
INTRODUCTION 767
SURFACE HARDENING TECHNOLOGY AND PREPARATION OF TEST PARTS 767
REGRESSION ROTATION EXPERIMENT DESIGN METHOD 768
WEAR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ON CYLINDER HARDENING MATERIALS 768
EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 769
CONCLUSION 770
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 771
REFERENCES 771
State of the Art in Laser Surface Texturing 772
INTRODUCTION 772
STATE OF THE ART 772
SUMARRY 773
REFERENCES 773
La2O3 Effect on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Ni-W Coatings 774
INTRODUCTION 774
1. Experimental procedure 774
2. Results and discussion 774
2.1 surface morphology and composition 774
2.3. Friction behavior against molten glass 775
2.4 High temperature corrosion tests between coatings and molten glass 775
3. Conclusions 775
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 775
REFERENCES 775
A Comparative Study of Growth Process and Tribological Behavior between Single Component and Mixed Alkylsilane Self-Assembled Molecular Films 776
INTRODUCTION 776
EXPERIMENT 776
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 777
CONCLUSIONS 779
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 779
REFERENCES 779
The Effect of Surface Morphology on the Friction Behavior of HF-CVD Diamond Films 781
INTRODUCTION 781
EXPERIMENTS 781
RESULTS 781
DISCUSSION 782
CONCLUSION 782
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 782
REFERENCES 782
Particles Detection and Analysis of Hard Disk Substrate after Post-CMP Cleaning 783
INTRODUCTION 783
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 783
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 784
REFERENCES 784
Hard Wear-Resistant Coatings: A Review 785
1 INTRODUCTION 785
2 COATING MATERIALS 785
2.1. COMMON COATINGS 785
2.1.1 .NITRIDES 785
2.1.2. CARBIDES 785
2.1.3. CARBON-BASED 786
2.1.4. OXIDES 786
2.1.5. BORIDES 786
2.1.6. MULTICOMPONENT COATINGS 786
2.2. NEW GENERATION COATINGS 787
2.2.1. MULTIPLE-FILM COATINGS 787
2.2.2. MULTI-LAYERS 787
2.2.3. GRADED COATINGS 787
2.2.4. NANO-SCALED COATINGS 788
3 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND PERFORMANCES 788
3.1 CUTTING TOOL INDUSTRY 788
3.2. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 788
4 CONCLUSION 788
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 789
REFERENCES 789
The Cavitation Erosion of the Mild Carbon Steels Implanted with Titanium and Nitrogen 791
INTRODUCTION 791
EXPERIMENT 791
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 791
CONCLUSIONS 792
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 792
REFERENCES 792
Research of the Pits Induced by MnS Inclusions at the Incipient Stage of Cavitation Erosion 793
INTRODUCTION 793
EXPERIMENT 793
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 794
CONCLUSIONS 795
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 795
REFERENCES 795
The Water Wettability of the Hydrogenated and Oxygenated Diamond Films 796
INTRODUCTION 796
EXPERIMENT 796
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 796
CONCLUSIONS 797
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 797
REFERENCES 797
Investigation on the Effect of Transverse Grooves on Friction Force 798
1 INTRODUCTION 798
2 KÁRMÁN VORTEX STREET AND TRAVELING WAVE 798
3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 799
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 800
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 801
REFERENCES 801
Research for Forming Mechanism of Benard Coating Shaped Bi-Unit Composite Structure 802
INTRODUCTION 802
COATING PREPARATION AND TOPOGRAPHY ANALYSIS 802
FORMING MECHANISM OF BENARD COATING 802
FORMING MECHANISM OF FIRST RANK CAVE CAUSED BY BENARD CONVECTION 802
FORMING MECHANISM OF SECOND RANK CAVE CAUSED BY IMPACTION OF SINKING GRANULES 804
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS 805
CONCLUSIONS 805
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 806
REFERENCES 806
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiCN Coatings Prepared by MTCVD 807
INTRODUCTION 807
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 807
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 808
SUMMARY 810
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 811
REFERENCES 811
Erosion-Wear Behavior and Mechanism of HVAS Coatings 812
INTRODUCTION 812
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 812
RESULTS 812
CONCLUSIONS 814
REFERENCES 814
Tribological Properties of Textured Ti Coating Prepared by Masked Deposition 815
INTRODUCTION 815
EXPERIMENTAL 815
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 815
CONCLUSIONS 816
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 816
REFERENCES 816
A Method of Micro Laser Surface Texturing Based on Optical Fiber Focusing 817
Application of Laser in Surface Technology - An Overview of the Research Work Performed in SKLT 818
Influence of Heat Treatment on Hardness, Elastic Modulus and Bonding Strength of Ti/Ta/TiN/TaN Nanomultilayer Coatings 819
1 INTRODUCTION 819
2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 819
2.1 Sample preparation 819
2.2 Characterization 819
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 820
3.1 Hardness and elastic modulus 820
3.2 Bonding strength 820
4 CONCLUSIONS 821
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 821
REFERENCES 822
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium Reinforced Polybenzimidazole 823
INTRODUCTION 823
EXPREMENTAL 823
Materials and reagents 823
Instrumentation 823
Synthesis of poly-2,2’-(m-phenylene)-5,5’-bibenzimidazole [17] 824
Preparation of PBI molded specimens via hot-press sintering in vacuum 824
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 824
Vacuum variation during hot-pressing and density of sintered Ti/PBI specimens 824
Mechanical properties at room temperature 824
Friction and wear properties 824
CONCLUSIONS 825
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 825
REFERENCES 825
Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films Deposition on Glass Using an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Microwave Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) System 827
1. Introduction 827
2. Experimental process 827
3. Results 828
4. Conclusion 829
Acknowledgement 830
References 830
Technical Sessions: V. Biotribology 831
The Biotribological Behavior Researches on the > -Tocopherol Doped and Gamma-Irradiated UHMWPE
INTRODUCTION 832
MATERIALS AND METHODS 832
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 833
CONCLUSIONS 833
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 833
REFERENCES 833
The Effects of Protein and pH on the Tribo-Corrosion Performance of Cast CoCrMo – A Combined Electrochemical and Tribological Study 834
INTRODUCTION 834
EXPERIMENTAL 834
RESULTS 834
CONCLUSION 835
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 835
REFERENCES 835
Biobological Properties of Carburized Titanium Alloys 836
1 INTRODUCTION 836
2 EXPERIMENTAL 836
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 836
4 CONCLUSIONS 837
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 837
REFERENCES 837
Effect of Corrsion and Biofilm on Friction Behavior in Biotrobocorrosion System for Metal-on-Metal Hip Prosthesis 838
INTRODUCTION 838
MATERIALS AND METHODS 838
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 839
REFERENCES 839
A Microscopic Model for Pedestrian Sl ips Caused by Particle Contamination 840
INTRODUCTION 840
GRAIN FLOW THEORY 840
SIMULATION 840
RESULTS AND DICUSSION 841
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 841
REFERENCES 841
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Aspherical Metal-on-Metal Artificial Hip Joints 842
INTRODUCTION 842
BEARING GEOMETRY AND LUBRICATION MODEL 842
GEOMETRY 842
LUBRICATION MODEL 842
NUMERICAL METHOD NAD RESULTS 843
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 843
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 843
REFERENCES 843
Long-Term Contact-Coupled Wear Prediction for Total Metal-on-Metal Hip Joint Replacement 844
INTRODUCTION 844
MATERIALS AND METHODS 844
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 845
CONCLUSIONS 845
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 845
REFERENCES 845
The Molecular Orientation Induced by Multi-Directional Sliding in the UHMWPE Used for the Artificial Joint Replacements 846
INTRODUCTION 846
Materials and Methods 846
Results 846
DISCUSSIONS 847
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 847
REFERENCES 847
Radial Displacements in a Thin Semi-Spherical Layer of Biphasic Articular Cartilage for Use in EHL Models of Natural Hip Joints 848
INTRODUCTION 848
MATHEMATICAL MODEL 848
SOLUTION METHOD 849
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 849
CONCLUSIONS 849
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 849
REFERENCES 849
Investigations of the Sliding Friction Behaviors of Locusts on Slippery Trapping Plate 850
INTRODUCTION 850
MATERIALS AND METHODS 850
MATERIALS 850
METHODS 850
RESULTS 850
DISCUSSION 851
SUMMARY 851
REFERENCES 851
Tribology of Sequentially Irradiated and Annealed UHMWPE with and without Impingement 852
INTRODUCTION 852
MATERIALS AND METHODS 852
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 852
REFERENCES 853
Study on UHMWPE Carrying Estradiol to Treat the Particle-Induced Osteolysis 854
INTRODUCTION 854
Materials and Methods 854
Results and Discussion 854
Conclusion 855
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 855
REFERENCES 855
Friction and Wear Characteristics of UHMWPE Studied by Orthogonal Method 856
1. INTRODUCTION 856
2. EXPERIMENTIAL DETAILS 856
2.1 Sample preparation 856
2.2 Wear test 856
2.3 Measurement 857
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 857
3.1 Friction coefficient 857
3.2 Weight loss 857
3.3 SEM examination 857
4. CONCLUSIONS 858
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 859
REFERENCES 859
Wear Mechanism of Sliding Tracks between Femoral Head and Acetabular Cup of Artificial Joint 860
INTRODUCTION 860
1 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 860
1.1 TEST MATERIALS 860
1.2 WEAR TESTS 860
2 Results and discussion 860
2.1 WEAR TRACKS 860
2.2 WEAR RATE 860
2.3 WEAR MECHANISM 860
2.4 WEAR PARTICLES 861
3 CONCLUSIONS 861
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 861
REFERENCES 861
Dynamic Contacting Characteristic of Natural Articular Cartilage under Reciprocating Sliding 862
1 INTRODUCTION 862
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 862
3 RESULTS 862
4 DISCUSSION 863
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 863
REFERENCES 863
Application of Principal Component Analysis and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm to the Classification of UHMWPE Wear Debris from Artificial Joints 864
INTRODUCTION 864
MATERIALS AND METHODS 864
MATERIALS 864
METHODS 864
RESULTS 865
DISCUSSION 865
CONCLUSIONS 865
REFERENCES 865
Numerical Surface Characterization of Wear Debris from Artificial Joints Using Atomic Force Microscopy 866
INTRODUCTION 866
3D IMAGE ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS 866
CONCLUSIONS 867
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 867
REFERENCES 867
A Novel Propelling Mechanism Based on Frictional Interaction for Endoscope Robot 868
INTRODUCTION 868
EXPERIMENTAL SPECIMENS AND METHOD 868
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 868
1. Spiral body robot 868
2. Stretchable body robot 869
CONCLUSIONS 869
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 869
REFERENCES 869
Study on the Release of Estradiol from UHMWPE Loading Estradiol Wear Debris in vitro 870
INTRODUCTION 870
MATERIALS AND METHODS 870
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 870
CONCLUSIONS 871
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 871
REFERENCES 871
A New Method to Simulate Wear within the Patellofemoral Joint of TKR 872
INTRODUCTION 872
MATERIALS AND METHOD 872
RESULTS 873
DISCUSSION 873
CONCLUSIONS 873
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 873
REFERENCES 873
Modification and Tribological Study on Implant Polymers of Hip Prosthesis 874
INTRODUCTION 874
1. WEAR MECHANISM OF PEEK AND UHMWPE 874
2. MODIFICATION OF UHMWPE AND PEEK 874
2.1 FILLING MODIFICATION OF POLYMER 874
2.2 ION IMPLANTATION MODIFIED POLYMER CARTILAGE 875
2.3 .-RAY RADIATION MODIFICATION 875
3. MODIFIED IN OTHER WAYS 875
4. CONCLUSION 875
REFERENCES 875
Dynamic Contact Model of Bio-Adhesive Pads of Animals: Simulation Experiments 876
INTRODUCTION 876
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 876
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 876
CONCLUSIONS 877
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 877
REFERENCES 877
Examination of Biolox® delta from Serum Lubricated Reciprocating Sliding Wear 878
INTRODUCTION 878
EXPERIMENTAL 878
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 879
ACKNOWLEEGEMENTS 879
REFERENCES 879
Lubrication of Synovial Joints 880
INTRODUCTION 880
SYNOVIAL JOINTS 880
LUBRICATIONS STUIDES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS 880
BIPHASIC LUBRICATION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE 880
INTEGRATED TRIBOLOGICAL MODELLING OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS AND SUMMARY 881
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 881
REFERENCES 881
Technical Sessions: VI. Tribo-chemistry 882
Mechanism and Applications of Chemical and Mechanical Polishing 883
INTRODUCTION 883
TYPICAL RESULTS 883
REFERENCES 883
Tribological Performance of Biomass-Oil from Straw Product 884
INTRODUCTION 884
EXPERIMENTAL 884
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 884
CONCLUSIONS 885
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 885
REFERENCES 885
Extreme Pressure Properties and Mechnism of Bismuth Naphthenate with Sulfur Containing Additives 886
1 INTRODUCTION 886
2 EXPERIMENTAL 886
2.1 Oil samples and additives 886
2.2 Tribological Tests 886
2.3 Surface analysis 886
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 887
3.1 Evaluation on tribological performances in mineral oil 887
3.2 Surface analysis 887
3.2.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 887
3.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) 887
4 CONCLUSIONS 887
REFERENCES 887
Synthesis and Tribology Properties of Stearate Coated Ag Nanoparticles 888
INTRODUCTION 888
EXPERIMENTAL 888
PREPARATION OF STEARATE COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES 888
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 888
STURCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF STEARATE COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES 888
TRIBOLOGY PROPERTIES OF STEARATE COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES 889
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 889
REFERENCES 889
Filtrate Reducer Activity and Antiwear Behavior of Drilling Fluid Doped with an Non-Conventional Additive 890
Utilization of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes as a Source of Lubricants, Additives and Fuels 892
Effect of Tribochemical Reaction on Friction and Wear of DLC under Lubrication with Ionic Liquids at High-Vacuum Condition 894
Introduction 894
Experiment 894
Results and Discussion 894
Conclusions 895
REFERENCES 895
Tribochemical Reaction of Ionic Liquids on Sliding Metal Surfaces 896
Introduction 896
Experiment 896
Results and Discussion 896
Before Sliding 897
During Sliding 897
Conclusions 897
REFERENCES 897
The Tribological Properties of Oil-Soluble Nano-Copper and Nano-Silica Particles as Additives of Lubricating Oils 898
INTRODUCTION 898
Experimental 898
Results and Discussion 898
CONCLUSIONS 899
REFERENCES 899
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Monodispersed Metallic Cu-Sn Alloy Nanoclusters with Modified Surface 900
REFERENCES 901
Tribological Studies on a Novel Borate Ester Containing Benzothiazol-2-yl and Disulfide Groups as EP and Multifunctional Additive 902
INTRODUCTION 902
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 902
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 902
CONCLUSIONS 903
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 903
REFERENCES 903
Tribological Behavior of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy against SAE52100 Steel under Ionic Liquid Lubricated Conditions 904
INTRODUCTION 904
EXPERIMENTAL 904
RESULTS AND DISCUSION 905
Tribological properties 905
SEM and XPS analyses of worn surfaces 905
CONCLUSIONS 906
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 906
REFERENCES 906
Tribological Characteristics of Magnesium Alloy Using BN-Containing Additives under Boundary Lubricating Condition 907
1. INTRODUCTION 907
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 907
2.1 SYNTHESIS OF BORATE ESTERS 907
2.2 TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 908
2.3 SURFACE ANALYSIS 908
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 908
3.1 IR CHARACTERIZATION 908
3.2 FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES 908
3.3 SEM AND XPS ANALYSIS OF WORN SURFACE 909
4. CONCLUSIONS 910

REFERENCES 910
Synthesis of YPO4 Nanoparticals vis Microemulsion Method and Its Friction Properties of Lubricating Oils 911
INTRODUCTION 911
EXPERIMENTA 911
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 911
CONCLUSIONS 912
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 912
REFERENCES 912
A Protective Coating Formed in-situ on the Cylinder Bore in Presence of Mg6Si4O10(OH)8 913
INTRODUCTION 913
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 913
REFERENCES 913
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Copper in Organic Phosphonic Acid System Slurry 914
INTRODUCTION 914
EXPERIMENTAL 914
COPPER POLISHING 914
ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTS 914
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (PARTIAL) 914
EFFECT OF ORGANIC PHOSPHONIC ACID CONCENTRATION 914
EFFECT OF PH VALUE 914
EFFECT OF SLURRY ADDITIVES 914
CONCLUSIONS 914
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 915
REFERENCES 915
Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Copper Using Ethylenediamine and Hydrogen Peroxide Based Slurry 916
1 INTRODUCTION 916
2 EXPERIMENTS 916
2.1 CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION OF COPPER 916
2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS 916
2.3 X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES 916
3 RESULTS and DISCUSSION 916
3.1 THE EFFECT OF H2O2 916
3.2 THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE 917
3.3 EFFECT OF CORROSION INHIBITOR 918
4 CONCLUSIONS 918
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 919
REFERENCES 919
Rheological and Tribological Characteristics of Chemically Modified Rapeseed Oil 920
INTRODUCTION 920
EXPERIMENT 920
MATERIALS AND APPARATUSES 920
SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED RAPESEED OILS 920
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 920
RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED RAPESEED OILS 920
TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED RAPESEED OILS 921
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHEMICALLY MODIFIED RAPESEED OILS 922
THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF ISO-OCTANOL MODIFIED RAPESEED OIL 922
CONCLUSIONS 922
REFERENCES 922
Research on Friction-Coatings with Activated Ultra-Thick Tin-Base 923
INTRODUCTION 923
1 EXPERIMENT 923
1.1 PREPARATION OF NANO-TIN LUBRICATING ADDITIVE 923
1.2 EXPERIMENT METHOD 923
1.3 SEM, TEM AND AES ANALYSIS 924
2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYZING 924
3 FRICTION AND WEARING PROPERTIES 926
4 CONCLUSIONS 927
REFERENCES 927
Surfactants Lubricating Oil Additives 928
1 Introduction 928
2 Experimental 928
3 Results and discussion 928
3.1 Physicochemical properties of additives 928
3.2 The adsorption studies 928
3.3 The tribological properties of additives 929
References 929
Technical Sessions: VII. Industry Tribology 930
Efficient Tribology Testing of Lubricating Oils with Nano-Additives 931
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS, SAMPLES AND PROCEDURES 931
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 931
REFERENCES 931
Manufacture and Characterization of C/C-SiC Fabricated by Warm Compacted-in situ Reacted Process 932
INTRODUCTION 932
Materials Processing and microstructure 932
Mechanical properties 932
Frictional properties 932
Application 933
Summary and conclusions 933
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 933
REFERENCES 933
Experimental Investigations on Relationship between Sorptive Properties, Surface Tension, Contact Angle and Lubricity of Engine and Gear Oils 934
INTRODUCTION 934
INVESTIGATION OBJECT 934
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 935
CONCLUSIONS 935
REFERENCES 935
The Latest Technology of Traction Drive Half-Toroidal CVT 936
Endurance of traction drive elements 936
Improvements of traction surface 937
CONCLUSIONS 937
REFERENCES 937
Long Life Bearing Technologies on Material Aspect 938
INTRODUCTION 938
EXPERIMENTAL 938
RESULT AND DISCUSION 938
CONCLUSIONS 939
REFERENCES 939
Fault Diagnosis of Gear Using Oil Monitoring Samples and Vibration Data 940
1 INTRODUCTION 940
2 THE METHOD OF FAULT DIAGNOSIS 940
3 EXPERIMENTATION 942
3.1 Test Rig 942
3.2 Test schemes 943
4 EXAMPLES 943
5 CONCLUSIONS 944
REFERENCES 945
Prediction of Static Performace of Bump-Type Foil Bearing and Validation 946
INTRODUCTION 946
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 946
Model of foil bearing structure 946
CALCULATION AND DISCUSSION 947
CONCLUSIONS 947
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 947
REFERENCES 947
Study on Condition Monitoring in Petrochemical Equipment Using Oil Analysis Technology 948
1 INTRODUCTION 948
2 CONTENT OF OIL MONITORING 948
2.1 SAMPLING 948
2.2 TESTING MEANS 949
2.3 MONITORING PLAN 949
3 MONITORING DATA ANALYSIS 949
3.1 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS
3.2 LUBRICANT OIL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS 950
3.3 FERROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 950
4 CONCLUSIONS 951
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 951
REFERENCES 951
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Lining and Their Effect on Coefficient of Friction 953
INTRODUCTION 953
1 THEORY 953
1.1 DYNAMIC VISCOELASTICITY OF POLYMER 953
1.2 PRINCIPLE OF FRICTION EXPERIMENT 953
2 EXPERIMENTS 953
2.1 MATERIALS 953
2.2 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS 953
2.3 FRICTION EXPERIMENT 953
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 953
3.1 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 953
3.2 FRICTION BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER-LININGS 954
4 CONCLUSIONS 954
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 954
REFERENCES 954
Machine Condition Monitoring and Remaining Life Prediction Using Integrated Approach 955
INTRODUCTION 955
EXPERT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 955
VIBRATION ANALYSIS EXPERT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT & OPERATION
OIL & WEAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS EXPERT SYSTEM (OWDES) DEVELOPMENT &
Data analysis and interpretation in OWDES 957
Combined Analysis Expert System Development 958
TESTING AND DISCUSSION 960
CONCLUSIONS 961
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 961
REFERENCES 961
Study on Condition Characteristics of Tribo-System and Its Description Method 963
INTRODUCTION 963
CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBO-SYSTEM 963
CONNOTATION 963
FORMING MECHANISM 963
DESCRIPTION PARAMETERS 963
DESCRIPTION OF CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBO-SYSTEM 964
DEMAND ANALYSIS OF THE DESCRIPTION METHOD 964
DESIGN PRICIPLE OF THE DESCRIPTION METHOD 964
PRACTICE EXAPLE OF DESCRIPTION METHOD 964
FUTURE WORK OF CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBO-SYSTEM 966
THE DEFICIENCY 966
FUTURE DIRECTION 966
CONCLUSIONS 966
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 966
REFERENCES 966
Study of Tribological Faults and Their Prevention Approaches in Dredger 967
INTRODUCTIO 967
TYPICAL TRIBOLOGICAL FAILURE ANALYSIS 967
MARINE POWER MECHANICAL SYSTEM 968
DREDGING SYSTEM 968
PREVENTION APPROACHES OF TRIBOLOGICAL FAULTS 968
CASE STUDY 969
APPLICATION OF ON-LINE OIL MONITORING IN A DREDGER’S POWER MECHANICAL DEVICES 969
DEVELOPMENT OF WEAR-ERSISTANCE MATERIALS FOR SLURRY PUMP SHELL AND CUTTERPIECE IN DREDGING MECHANICAL SYSTEM 970
CONCLUSIONS 972
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 972
REFERENCES 972
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Asperity Contact Simulation of Engine Main Bearing with Flexible Rotating Crankshaft and Flexible Engine Block 973
INTRODUCTION 973
BASIC THEORY 973
EQUATION OF MOTION 973
REYNOLDS EQUATION 974
INTERACTION BETWEEN MAIN JOURNAL AND MAIN BEARING 974
ASPERITY CONTACT EQUATION 974
SIMULATION MODEL DESCRIPTION 975
MODEL PREPARATION 975
CREAT EXCITE MODEL 975
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 975
SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 975
CONCLUSIONS 978
REFERENCES 978
Tribology Extenics Condition Evaluation Based on Case Reasoning 979
0. INTRODUCTION 979
1. EXTENICS THEORY PRINCIPLE 979
2. ROLLING BEARING BENCH AND ITS MONITORING 980
3. EXTENICS DIAGNOSIS OF ROLLING BEARING 980
3.1 Establish Matter of Rolling Bearing Condition 980
3.2 Confirm value field of rolling bearing matter 980
3.2.1 Confirm classic field 980
3.2.2 Confirm reserve field 980
3.2.3 Confirm unknown matter 981
3.3 CALCULATE DEPENDENT DEGREE OF FAULT FEATURE 981
3.4 CALCULATE DEPENDENT DEGREE OF FAULT TYPE 981
3.5 OBTAIN FAULT TYPE OF UNKNOWN BEARING 981
4. CONCLUSIONS 982
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 982
REFERENCES 982
Effect of Surface Material on the Cavitation Erosion Noise: Experimental Investigation 983
INTRODUCTION 983
EXPERIMENTAL ARRAGEMENT 983
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 984
SPECTRUM ANYLYSIS 984
DISCUSSION 984
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 985
REFERENCES 985
Research on Mechanism of Casing Wear in Sliding-Impact Wear Condition 986
INTRODUCTION 986
TEST FACILITY & PROCEDURE
TEST RESULT 986
FIELD MONITOR RESULT 987
CONCLUSIONS 988
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 988
REFERENCES 988
Durability of Phosphorated Starch Based ER Fluid under Damper 989
INTRODUCTION 989
ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL (ER) FLUID 989
ER DAMPER 991
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDUR 992
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 993
CONCLUSIONS 994
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 994
REFERENCES 994
Effect of Different Atmosphere on Dry Friction Behavior of Steel Sliding against Brass at High Speed 995
INTRODUCTION 995
Experimental details 995
Results and discussion 995
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 996
REFERENCES 996
A Study on the Application of a Mineral Additive in Lubricating Oil for Cylinder Liner 997
1. INTRODUCTION 997
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 997
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 997
3.1 THE WEAR LOSS IN DIAMETER 997
3.2 THE ROUGHNESS AND HARDNESS 997
3.3 ANALYSIS OF WORN SURFACE 998
4. CONCLUSIONS 998
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 998
REFERENCES 998
Effect of Ingredients in Slurry Containing Alumina on Polishing of Hard Disk Substrate 999
INTRODUCTION 999
EXPERIMENTAL 999
RESULTS 999
ALUMINA ABRASIVE OPTIMIZATION 999
EFFECT OF pH VALUE 999
EFFECT OF UNIQUE CORROSIVE 999
CO-EFFECT OF UNIQUE CORROSIVE AND SURFACE MODIFIER 1000
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1000
REFERENCES 1000
Study on Dispersion Stability and Self-Repair Principle of Ultrafine-Tungsten Disulfide Particulates 1001
1 INTRODUCTION 1001
2 DISPERSION STABILITY STUDY 1001
2.1 DISPERSION METHOD 1001
2.2 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 1002
3 SELF-REPAIR PRINCIPLE STUDY 1003
3.1 EXPERIMENT 1003
3.2 PRINCIPLE DISCUSSION 1003
4 CONCLUSIONS 1004
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1004
REFERENCES 1004
Research on Micro-Abrasion Performances of TiN Coating in Simulated Body Fluid 1006
1. INTRODUCTION 1006
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND MATERIALS 1006
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1007
3.1 INDENTATION AND SCRATCH TEST 1007
3.2 WEAR VOLUMES 1008
3.2.1 EFFECT OF LOAD AND SLIDING DISTANCE ON WEAR VOLUME 1008
3.2.2 EFFECT OF SHURRY CONCENTRATION ON WEAR VOLUMES 1008
3.3 WEAR MECHANISM 1008
4. CONCLUSIONS 1010
REFERENCES 1010
Micro-Abrasion-Corrosion of Ti6Al4V Alloy in Simulated Artificial Hip Joint Environments 1011
1 Introduction 1011
2 Experimental details 1011
3 Results and discussion 1012
3.1 Effect of test parameters on the wear volumes 1012
3.2 Wear mechanism map 1013
3.3 Synergistic effect 1014
3.3.1 Polarization curves 1014
4 Conclusions 1015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1015
REFERENCES 1015
Chemical-Mechanical Polishing of NiP Alloy for Hard Disk Drive Substrates 1017
INTRODUCTION 1017
CMP POLISHING PROCESS SIMULATION 1017
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1017
CONCLUSIONS 1018
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1018
REFERENCES 1018
The Material Removal Rate of Metal Polishing Process 1019
INTRODUCTION 1019
THEORETICAL MODEL 1019
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1020
REFERENCES 1020
Tool Life Modelling for High-Speed Milling 1021
1 INTRODUCTION 1021
2 THEORETICAL BASIS OF EMPIRICAL MODEL OF TOOL LIFE 1021
3 METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS 1021
3.1 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND METHOD 1021
3.2 RESULTS 1021
4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 1022
5 EXAMINATION OF THE MODEL OF TOOL LIFE 1022
5.1 VERIFYING TESTS OF EMPIRICAL MODEL OF TOOL LIFE 1022
6 CONCLUSIONS 1022
REFERENCES 1022
Nano-Scratching-Induced Damages and Their Effect on Fracture Properties of a Single Crystal Sapphire 1023
INTRODUCTION 1023
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1024

REFERENCES 1024
Interfacial Forces in Chemical-Mechanical Polishing 1025
INTRODUCTION 1025
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1025
REFERENCES 1025
Influence of Water on the Tribological Behavior of Collector Materials against Railway Contact Wires at High Sliding Speeds 1026
INTRODUCTION 1026
1. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 1026
1.1 MATERIALS 1026
1.2 APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 1026
1.3 INTRODUCTION OF PARAMETERS OF n AND d 1027
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1027
2.1 EFFECT OF VELOCITY ON THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEAR RATE 1027
2.2 EFFECT OF CURRENT ON THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEAR RATE 1027
2.3 EFFECT OF WATER FOG ON THE CURRENT-CARRYING QUALITY 1028
2.4 MECHANISM OF SLIDING WEAR WITH THE WATER FOG ENVIRONMENT 1028
3. CONCLUSIONS 1029
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1029
REFERENCES 1029
Index of Authors 1031