Disability and Aging Discrimination (eBook)

Perspectives in Law and Psychology
eBook Download: PDF
2010 | 2011
X, 270 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-6293-5 (ISBN)

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Two things are certain in the contemporary workplace: the aging of employees, and negative attitudes toward them - especially those with disabilities-by younger colleagues and supervisors. Yet related phenomena seem less clear: how do negative stereotypes contribute to discrimination on the job? And how are these stereotypes perceived in legal proceedings?

Bringing theoretical organization to an often unfocused literature, Disability and Aging Discrimination offers research in these areas at the same level of rigor as research into racial and gender discrimination. The book applies Social Analytic Jurisprudence, a framework for testing legal assumptions regarding behavior, and identifies controversies and knowledge gaps in age-discrimination and disability law. Chapters provide historical background or present-day context for the prevalence of age and disability prejudices, and shed light on the psychosocial concepts that must be understood, in addition to medical considerations, to make improvements in legal standards and workplace policy. Among the topics covered:

• Applying Social Analytic Jurisprudence to age and disability discrimination.

• The psychological origins and social pervasiveness of ageism.

• Growing older, working more: the boomer generation on the job.

• Limitations of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

• Disability and procedural fairness in the workplace.

• Cross-cultural perspectives on stigma.

The first volume of its kind, Disability and Aging Discrimination is essential reading for researchers, forensic and rehabilitation psychologists/psychiatrists, and those involved in the well-being of older and disabled workers.



Professor Wiener received his Ph.D. from the University of Houston and his Masters Degree in Legal Studies at UNL. He was professor of Psychology at Saint Louis University (1982- 2000) and most recently chair of the Department of Psychology at Baruch College, City University of New York. In 2002 Dr. Wiener joined the Law-Psychology Program (as director) and the Social Psychology Program at UNL. He is the former editor of Law and Human Behavior, the official journal of the American Psychology/Law Society (Division 41 of the APA). Dr. Wiener's research applies theories of social cognition to problems in legal decision-making. Among the topic areas he has investigated are perceptions of sexual harassment and jury decision making. Specifically, Dr. Wiener studies the role of generic prejudice in criminal cases and he studies how jurors reach capital murder decisions in assigning penalties. The National Science Foundation has funded and continues to fund this work. Currently, Dr. Wiener applies social cognitive theories of emotion, motivation, dual process of cognitive processing to explain how legal actors reach decisions relevant to law and policy. Other topics of investigation include the role of implicit attitude activation in generic prejudice, the role of emotions in jury judgments as they develop across the presentation of criminal cases, the role of mortality salience in death penalty judgments, and the role of counterfactual thinking in negligence judgments. Dr. Wiener teaches courses at UNL on behavioral sciences and the law and legal decision making.
Two things are certain in the contemporary workplace: the aging of employees, and negative attitudes toward them - especially those with disabilities-by younger colleagues and supervisors. Yet related phenomena seem less clear: how do negative stereotypes contribute to discrimination on the job? And how are these stereotypes perceived in legal proceedings?Bringing theoretical organization to an often unfocused literature, Disability and Aging Discrimination offers research in these areas at the same level of rigor as research into racial and gender discrimination. The book applies Social Analytic Jurisprudence, a framework for testing legal assumptions regarding behavior, and identifies controversies and knowledge gaps in age-discrimination and disability law. Chapters provide historical background or present-day context for the prevalence of age and disability prejudices, and shed light on the psychosocial concepts that must be understood, in addition to medical considerations, to make improvements in legal standards and workplace policy. Among the topics covered: Applying Social Analytic Jurisprudence to age and disability discrimination. The psychological origins and social pervasiveness of ageism. Growing older, working more: the boomer generation on the job. Limitations of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Disability and procedural fairness in the workplace. Cross-cultural perspectives on stigma. The first volume of its kind, Disability and Aging Discrimination is essential reading for researchers, forensic and rehabilitation psychologists/psychiatrists, and those involved in the well-being of older and disabled workers.

Professor Wiener received his Ph.D. from the University of Houston and his Masters Degree in Legal Studies at UNL. He was professor of Psychology at Saint Louis University (1982- 2000) and most recently chair of the Department of Psychology at Baruch College, City University of New York. In 2002 Dr. Wiener joined the Law-Psychology Program (as director) and the Social Psychology Program at UNL. He is the former editor of Law and Human Behavior, the official journal of the American Psychology/Law Society (Division 41 of the APA). Dr. Wiener's research applies theories of social cognition to problems in legal decision-making. Among the topic areas he has investigated are perceptions of sexual harassment and jury decision making. Specifically, Dr. Wiener studies the role of generic prejudice in criminal cases and he studies how jurors reach capital murder decisions in assigning penalties. The National Science Foundation has funded and continues to fund this work. Currently, Dr. Wiener applies social cognitive theories of emotion, motivation, dual process of cognitive processing to explain how legal actors reach decisions relevant to law and policy. Other topics of investigation include the role of implicit attitude activation in generic prejudice, the role of emotions in jury judgments as they develop across the presentation of criminal cases, the role of mortality salience in death penalty judgments, and the role of counterfactual thinking in negligence judgments. Dr. Wiener teaches courses at UNL on behavioral sciences and the law and legal decision making.

Acknowledgments 5
Contents 6
Contributors 8
1 Finding the Assumptions in the Law: Social Analytic Jurisprudence, Disability, and Aging Workers 10
Empirical Documentation of Existing Biases and Limitations 11
Age and the Workforce 11
Disability and the Workforce 14
The Role of Research in Policy Development 17
Application of Social Analytic Jurisprudence to Age Discrimination 19
Disparate Treatment of an Individual Claimant 19
Testing Assumptions of Intentional Age Discrimination 24
Disabilities and Reasonable Accommodations 30
Summary and Conclusion 37
References 37
Part I Aging and Discrimination 43
2 Ageism: The Strange Case of Prejudice Against the Older You 44
Mountains or Molehills 44
Planting the Seed of Ageism 45
History 45
Cultural Views 45
The Root of Ageism Is Fear of Death 46
Terror Management Theory 46
Ageism Is Institutionalized 47
Younger People Speak Differently to Elderly Persons 48
But Our Brains Cant Help Being Ageist 49
Helper, Heal Thy Self 50
Conclusion 51
References 52
3 Disability and Aging: Historical and Contemporary Views 55
Introduction 55
Defining Disability and the Civil War Pension Scheme 56
Disability and Aging, 150 Years Ago 59
Disability and Aging Today and Tomorrow 63
Employment and Attitudinal Discrimination 65
Today's Veterans of the Middle East Wars 67
Global Opportunities in Human and Economic Rights 69
Closing 71
References 71
4 The Aging Workforce and Paid Time Off 77
Work Interruption for Health-Related Personal and Family Care 79
The Aging Workforce and Worker Health 79
Health- and Care-Related Work Interruptions 80
Normative Arguments Favoring Intervention 81
Existing Protection Against Health- and Care-Related Work Interruption 83
Unpaid Benefits -- The Family and Medical Leave Act 83
Paid Benefits: Private 85
Paid Benefits: Public 86
Sick Leave 86
Short-Term Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) 87
Social Preferences and Accommodation of Older Workers 88
References 94
5 Baby Boomers at Work: Growing Older and Working More 98
Legal Framework for Workplace Age Discrimination 99
Empirical Research and Implications for Workplace Age Discrimination 102
Societal Acceptability of Ageism 103
Procedural Fairness and the Self-Acceptance of Ageism 104
Legislation Against Age Discrimination Is Not the Answer 106
References 108
Part II Disability and Discrimination 111
6 The Relationship Between Disability DiscriminationINTnl and Age Discrimination inINTtie
Workers Compensation Overview 112
Workers Compensation Developments in Recent Decades 113
Effects of These Developments on Cash Benefits 114
The Relationship Between Age and Three Important Variables: Health Status, Work Disability, and Sources of Medical Conditions 117
Health Status 117
Work Disability 117
Sources of Medical Conditions 118
The Link Between Disability Discrimination and Age Discrimination 121
Conclusions 122
References 123
7 The Stigma of Disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act 125
Introduction 125
The Stigma of Disabilities 127
The Legislative Paths 132
The Passage of the Rehabilitation Act 133
The Passage of the ADA 134
The Supreme Courts Interpretations 138
The Impact of the ADA 142
Cases 144
References 144
8 Age and Disability Within the Scope of American Discrimination Law 146
Comparing the Top Four 147
Thinking About the Intersection of Age and Disability 154
Conclusion 154
References 155
9 Implicit Attitudes and Discrimination Against People with Physical Disabilities 157
The Stigma of Physical Disability: Historical and Conceptual Background 158
Integrative Theoretical Frameworks 161
Ambivalent Attitudes 161
Dual Processes 165
Stigma, Disability, and Interactions: Re-examining the Literature 169
Nonverbal Behaviors 169
Verbal and Nonverbal Mismatches 171
Implications and Conclusions 173
References 176
10 Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Stigma 184
Stigma and Modern Day Issues 186
Aging 189
American Indian Notions of Elderly 190
Mental Illness 191
American Indians and Mental Illness 192
How to Integrate Divergent Stigma Perspectives Between Cultures Within the Law 195
References 197
11 Disability and Procedural Fairness in the Workplace 204
A Brief History 205
Procedural Justice and the ADA: Do Procedures Influence Satisfaction Beyond Accommodations 208
Potential Moderators of Procedural Fairness Effects 211
Research on Procedural Fairness and Beliefs About Deservingness 212
Deservingness Judgments in a Workplace Disability Context 215
Decision Makers Versus Decision Recipients: Role as a Moderator of Procedural Fairness Concerns 218
Role Effects in a Workplace Disability Context 221
Research on the Symbolic Consequences of Respect: In-Group Versus Out-Group Encounters 221
Ingroup Versus Outgroup Respect in a Disability Context 224
Summary 225
References 227
12 Procedural Justice and the Structure of the AgeINTnl and Disability Laws
The Procedural Structure of the Age and Disability Laws 234
Groups and the Age and Disability Laws 237
Thinking About Procedures and Groups Under the ADEA and the ADA: Implications for Research on Procedural Justice 240
Voice 240
Decision Control 242
Group Value Theory 244
Conclusion 245
References 246
13 A Social Psychological Perspective of Disability Prejudice 247
Overview of the Current Work 248
When Might People Experience Disability Prejudice 249
What Does Disability Prejudice Look Like 253
Summary and Concluding Remarks 257
References 258
Index 261

Erscheint lt. Verlag 8.11.2010
Zusatzinfo X, 270 p.
Verlagsort New York
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Sachbuch/Ratgeber
Geisteswissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeines / Lexika
Medizin / Pharmazie Medizinische Fachgebiete Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
Naturwissenschaften Biologie
Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie
Schlagworte ADA • AD-AAA • ADEA • Age Discrimination • Ageism • Vocational Rehabilitation Act
ISBN-10 1-4419-6293-X / 144196293X
ISBN-13 978-1-4419-6293-5 / 9781441962935
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