Photomovement of Dunaliella Teod (eBook)

Dr. Yuriy I. Posudin is a Professor at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Dr. Nadiya P. Massjuk was a Professor at the Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Dr. Galyna G. Lilitskaya is the Leading Engineer of the Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Preface 7
Contents 9
List of Figures and Photographes 13
List of Tables 19
Introduction 21
Chapter 1 Photomovement of Algae – Historical Overview of Research and Current State of the Art 
24 
Chapter 2 Terminology and the Fundamentals of Classification of Light-Induced Behaviour in Freely Motile Microorganisms 
31 
2.1. Stare of the Art 
31 
2.2. Paramelrical Classification Principles for Photomovement in Orga nisms 
36 
2.3. Summary 
40 
Chapter 3 Investigations with Species of Dunaliella Teod. 
41 
3.1. History of the Discovery and Description of the Genus Dunuliella 
41 
3.2. Characteristics of the Test Species 
45 
3.3. Cultivation of the Species 
47 
Chapter 4 Investigation of Photomovement in Dunaliella 
48 
4.1. Methods of Investigating the Photomovement Parameters in Dnnaliella 
48 
4.1.1. Experimental Installation 
48 
4.1.2. Measuring the movement velocity of the cells 
49 
4.1.3. Measuring the phototopotaxis 
49 
4.1.4. Fourier Transform of Angular Distribution of the Cells 
51 
4.2. Results of Measurement of Photomovement Parameters in Duna liella 
52 
4.2.1. Photokinesis and Photokinetic Reactions 
52 
4.2.2. Phototopotaxis 
55 
4.2.3. Results of Fourier Transform of Angular Distribution of the Cells 
61 
4.3. Summary 63
Chapter 5 Effect of Abiotic Factors on Photomovement Parameters of Dunaliella 
65 
5.1. Effect of Temperature 
65 
5.2. Effect of Electrical Fields 
66 
5.3. Effect of pH 
68 
5.4. Simultaneous Effect of Several Externat Factors 
71 
5.5. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation 
74 
5.6. Effect of lonizing Radiation 
82 
5.7. Summary 
85 
Chapter 6 Structure of the Photoreceptor System 
86 
6.1. Problems associated with Photoreception of AIgae 
86 
6.2. Structure of Photoreceptor Systems in Green Algae 
86 
6.3. Structure of the Photoreceptor System of Dunaliella 
91 
6.3.1. Stigma 
91 
6.3.2. Structure of the Photoreceptor 
92 
6.3.3. Application of Two- Beam Irradiation to Dunaliellu Cells 
94 
6.4. Summary 
96 
Chapter 7 Identification of Photoreceptor Pigments 
97 
7.1. Characteristics of Photoreceptor Pigments 
97 
7.2. Identification or Photoreceptor Pigments in Euglena gracilis 
97 
7.2.1. Euglena gracilis Photoreceptor Pigments 
97 
7.2.2. Pigment Isolation 
98 
7.2.3. Microspectrosphotometry and Microfluorometry of Pigments 
98 
7.2.4. Determination of the Action Spectra for Photobiological Reactions 
100 
7.2.5. Biochemical Methods 
101 
7.2.6. Effect of Exogenous Chemicals on Photomovement 
102 
7.2.7. Introduetion of Alternative Photoreceptor Pigments 
102 
7.3. Identification of Photoreceptor Pigments in Green AIgae 
103 
7.4. ldentification of the Photoreceptor Pigments in Dunaliella 
107 
7.4.1. Analysis of the Phototopotaxis Action Spectra in Dunaliella 
107 
7.4.2. Application of Lateral Ultraviolet lrradiation 
107 
7.5. Summary 
110 
Chapter 8 Mechanisms of Photoreception and Photoorientation in Dunaliella 
111 
8.1. Photoreception and Photoorientation Mechanisms in Algae 
111 
8.2. Diffractional Mechanisms of Photoreception and Photoorientation in Dunaliella 
114 
8.3. Role of Proteins in Photoregulation Mechanisms in Flagellates 
117 
8.4. Summary 118
Chapter 9 Sensory Transduction 
119 
9.1. Methods for Investigation of Sensory Transduction 
119 
9.2. Sensory Transduction in Euglena gracilis 
119 
9.3. Sensory Transduction in Green AIgae 
121 
9.4. Sensory Transduction in DunaIiella 
123 
9.4.1. Methods of lnvestigation 
123 
9.4.2. Effect of Calcium Ions 
123 
9.4.3. Effect of lonophore A23 187 
125 
9.4.4. Effect of Ouabain 
126 
9.4.5. Effect of Cobalt Ions 
126 
9.4.6. Effect of Cinnarizine and lsoptin 
127 
9.4.7. Effect of Sodium Azide 
129 
9.5. Summary 131
Chapter 10 Flagella Apparatus 
132 
10.1. Structure 
132 
10.2. Peculiarities of Flagellar Beating 
132 
10.2.1. Flagella Beating in Euglena gracilis 
132 
10.2.2. Flagella Beating in Green Algae 
133 
10.2.3. Flagella Beating in Dunaliella 
134 
10.3. Analysis of Flagellar Beating 
135 
10.3.1. High-Speed Microcinematography 
135 
10.3.2. Laser Light Scattering 
135 
10.3.3. Method of Microphotometry 
136 
10.4. Summary 137
Chapter 11 Applied Aspects of Aquatic Biomonitoring Vsing the Photomovement of Dunaliella 
138 
11.1. Algae of Genus Dunaliella as Test-Objects 
138 
11.2. Photomovement Parameters of Dunaliella as Test-Functions 
142 
11.3. Effect of Surface-Active Substances on Photomovement of Dunaliella 
143 
11.3.1. Characteristics of Surface-Active Substauces 
143 
11.3.2. Effect of Various Types of Surface-Active Substances, their Combinations and Duration of Action on the Velocity of Movement in Dunaliella 
144 
11.4. Investigation of the Effect of Heavy Metals on Photomovement in Dunaliella Using Laser Doppler Spectroscopy 
147 
11.5. Vector Method of Biomonitoring 
150 
11.5.1. Dependence of Vector R on the Type and Concentration of Surface-Active Substances 
152 
11.5.2. Dependence of Vector R on the type and concentration of heavy metals 
154 
11.5.3. Dependence of Vector R on the Type and Concentration of Pesticides 
161 
11.5.4. Advantages of the Vector Method for Biomonitoring 
163 
11.6. Summary 163
Chapter 12 Dunaliella Biotechnology 
164 
12.1. Carotenoids, ß-carotene Biosynthesis and Stereoisomers 
164 
12.2. Use of DunaIiella salina for the Commercial Production of ß-carotene 
166 
12.3. Summary 171
Chapter 13 General Results and Perspectives of Further Investigations 
172 
13.1. Problems of Terminology 
172 
13.2. Phenomenology of Photomovement 
173 
13.3. Photoreactions 
173 
13.4. Photokinesis 
173 
13.5. Phototopotaxis 
174 
13.6. Motility 
175 
13.7. Photoreceptor System 
176 
13.8. Mechanisms of Photoreception 
176 
13.9. Sensory Transduction of the Light Signal 
177 
13.10. Importance of Data on Algal Photomovement for Related Fields of Science 
177 
13.1.1. Applied lmportance of Data on the Photomovement of Algae 
180 
References 181
Index of Latin Names 226
Subject Index 228
Author's Index 232
Chemicals – CAS nomenclature 
233 
About the Authors 
235