Regional Climate Studies of China (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
Contributing Authors 15
Chapter 1 Climate of China and East Asian Monsoon 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Characteristics of the onset of Asian summer monsoon 22
1.3 Features of vertically integrated moisture transport 34
1.4 “Climate effect” of the Northeast Cold Vortex and its influence on Meiyu 44
1.5 Droughts-floods coexistence (DFC) during the normal summer monsoons in the mid- and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 52
1.6 Conclusions and some outstanding issues 59
References 60
Chapter 2 Paleoclimate of China 66
2.1 Introduction 66
2.2 Reconstructed climate of China 67
2.3 Climate simulation of the last 1000 years 73
2.4 Sensitive simulation of climate in LIA 78
2.5 Palaeoclimate simulations of mid-Holocene and LGM 85
2.6 Summary 104
References 106
Chapter 3 Interdecadal Climate Variability in China Associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation 114
3.1 Introduction 114
3.2 Interdecadal oceanic anomalies in the North Pacific 116
3.3 Interdecadal atmospheric anomalies in East Asia 118
3.4 Interdecadal climate anomalies in China 120
3.5 Interdecadal change of ENSO’s impact on the climate of China 124
3.6 Summary 130
References 132
Chapter 4 Interannual Variability of Summer Climate of China in Association with ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole 136
4.1 Introduction 136
4.2 Precipitation and temperature changes related to ENSO 139
4.3 Circulation changes with ENSO 142
4.4 Influence of IOD on the East Asian summer monsoon 146
4.5 Concluding Remarks 164
References 166
Chapter 5 Aridity Trend in Northern China 172
5.1 Introduction 172
5.2 Aridity trend on geological time scales 176
5.3 Aridity trend in last hundred years 188
5.4 Inter-decadal variability of atmospheric circulation in association with the aridity trend 197
5.5 Observation and model validation of land-atmospheric interaction in semi-arid region 202
5.6 Potential human impacts on aridity trend 215
5.7 Conclusions 225
References 227
Chapter 6 Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the Climate of China 236
6.1 Introduction 236
6.2 Climatic features of atmospheric heat source/sink over the TP 238
6.3 Roles of the TP in Asian monsoon 243
6.4 Plateau snow anomalies and its climate effects 253
6.5 The nature of the South Asia High and its climate effects 264
6.6 Seasonal east-west movement of the EASWJ and its association with the diabatic heating over the TP 270
6.7 Stratus generated by the TP and its possible climate effects 273
6.8 Conclusions 280
References 283
Chapter 7 Soil Moisture Variations and Its Impact on the Regional Climatic Change in China 288
7.1 Introduction 288
7.2 In situ measured soil moisture in China 290
7.3 Inversion of soil moisture from climate variables and remote sensing data 304
7.4 Relationship between soil moisture and regional climate variation in China 319
7.5 Summary and discussions 325
References 326
Chapter 8 Climate Extremes and Related Disasters in China 330
8.1 Introduction 330
8.2 Temperature extremes 331
8.3 Precipitation extremes 337
8.4 Cyclones 341
8.5 Droughts 346
8.6 Dust storms 348
8.7 Changes in climate extreme in associated with the mean state 352
8.8 Summary 355
References 356
Chapter 9 Regional Climate Modeling of China and East Asia 362
9.1 Introduction 362
9.2 Development of a regional climate model for Asia (RIEMS) and its validation 365
9.3 Simulation of climate of China and East Asia through inter-comparison of a set of regional climate models 372
9.4 Study on multi-RCM ensemble of regional climate simulation for Asia 389
9.5 Effects of increasing greenhouse gases and aerosols on regional climate of East Asia 395
9.6 Impact of human-induced large-scale land cover changes on the East Asian monsoon climate in RCM simulations 407
9.7 Summary 414
References 415
Chapter 10 Projection of Future Climate in China 426
10.1 Introduction 426
10.2 Projections of changes in temperature 428
10.3 Projections of changes in precipitation 438
10.4 Projection of extreme events 445
10.5 Conclusions and discussions 455
References 459
Chapter 11 Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture in China 464
11.1 Introduction 464
11. 2 Impacts of climate change on water cycle and water resources 464
11.3 Impacts of climate change on agriculture 469
11.4 Summary and prospect 477
References 479
Glossary (Acronyms) 482
Subject Index 489