Membrane Microdomain Signaling (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
Contributors 8
From Intramolecular Asymmetries to Raft Assemblies 10
1. INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION 10
2. INTRAMOLECULAR ASYMMETRY 11
3. MOLECULAR DIVERSITY BETWEEN OUTER AND INNER LEAFLETS 17
4. MOLECULAR DIVERSITY WITHIN THE SINGLE LEAFLET 18
5. ON PROTEOMICS AND LIPIDOMICS 19
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 19
REFERENCES 20
Regulatory Aspects of Membrane Microdomain (Raft) Dynamics in Live Cells 24
1. INTRODUCTION 24
2. BIOPHYSICAL METHODOLOGY TO DETECT AND CHARACTERIZE RAFT MICRODOMAINS: ACHIEVEMENTS, LIMITATIONS, AND CHALLENGES 25
3. HOW LARGE AND DYNAMIC ARE THE RAFTS? 31
4. MODULATION OF PLASMA MEMBRANE RAFTS: STRATEGIES TO STUDY RAFT FUNCTIONS 34
5. RAFT DYNAMICS IN LIVE CELLS: REGULATION BY EXTERNAL, MEMBRANE, AND CYTOSOLIC FACTORS 37
6. RAFTS AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN SPECIALIZED COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES: THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSES 46
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 49
REFERENCES 49
Lipid Raft Membrane Skeletons 56
1. INTRODUCTION 56
2. ACTIN AND LIPID RAFTS 59
3. “ HEAVY” DETERGENT- RESISTANT MEMBRANES ( DRM- H) 60
4. DRM- H MEMBRANE SKELETON ARCHITECTURE 62
5. “ DRM- H- LIKE” MEMBRANE SKELETONS IN OTHER CELL TYPES 65
6. OTHER DYNAMIC LIPID RAFT- ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE SKELETONS 66
7. LIPID RAFT MEMBRANE SKELETONS ASSOCIATED WITH “ STABLE” MEMBRANE DOMAINS 68
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS 69
REFERENCES 70
Role of Cholesterol in Membrane Microdomain Signaling 79
1. INTRODUCTION 79
2. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF LIPID RAFTS 79
3. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CAVEOLAE 83
4. CROSSTALK BETWEEN CAVEOLAE AND LIPID RAFTS 86
5. CHOLESTEROL DEPENDENCE OF SIGNALING FROM CAVEOLAE 87
6. DYNAMIC REGULATION OF FC IN CAVEOLAE 89
7. SUMMARY 90
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 90
REFERENCES 91
Raft Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Alkyl- Lysophospholipid- Induced Apoptosis 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. BIOPHYSICAL BASIS OF LIPID INTERACTIONS IN LIPID RAFTS 99
3. INTRACELLULAR TARGETS OF ALP 100
4. MECHANISM OF ALP INTERNALIZATION: ENDOCYTOSIS VIA LIPID RAFTS 101
5. ALP- RESISTANT CELLS HAVE ABERRANT LIPID RAFTS 104
6. THE ASSEMBLY OF A LIPID RAFT 106
7. OTHER IMPLICATIONS OF LIPID RAFTS IN APOPTOTIC SIGNALING 109
8. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 111
REFERENCES 112
The Role of Lipid Rafts in Signal Transduction and Synaptic Plasticity of Neural Cells 120
1. INTRODUCTION 120
2. ROLE OF LIPID RAFTS IN NEURAL CELL INTERACTIONS 122
3. THE ROLE OF LIPID RAFTS IN NEURONA EXCITABILITY 125
4. OUTLOOK 127
REFERENCES 128
Role of Rafts in Virus Fusion and Budding 133
1. INTRODUCTION 133
2. ROLE OF RAFTS IN VIRUS ENTRY 135
3. ROLE OF RAFTS IN THE ENTRY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND TOXINS 139
4. ROLE OF RAFTS IN VIRUS ASSEMBLY AND BUDDING 139
5. ROLE OF RAFTS IN VIRAL REPLICATION AND PATHOGENESIS 141
6. WHY RAFTS? 142
REFERENCES 142
Alterations in Raft Lipid Metabolism in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders 149
1. INTRODUCTION 149
2. AGING 152
3. ISCHEMIC STROKE 153
4. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 156
5. AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 157
6. HIV DEMENTIA 159
7. SUMMARY 162
REFERENCES 163
Caveolin and Cancer 167
1. INTRODUCTION 167
2. UPREGULATION OF CAVEOLIN EXPRESSION DURING CELL DIFFERENTIATION 168
3. CHANGES IN CAVEOLIN EXPRESSION IN ONCOGENE- TRANSFORMED CELLS, CANCER CELL LINES, AND TUMOR SAMPLES 168
4. EFFECTS OF CAVEOLIN- 1 EXPRESSION AND SUPPRESSION ON CANCER CELL BIOLOGY 176
5. EFFECTS OF CAVEOLIN- 1 GENE KNOCKOUT: IS CAVEOLIN- 1 A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN? 178
6. MECHANISMS OF ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTION OF CAVEOLIN- 1 180
7. MODULATION OF CELL DEATH AND SURVIVAL SIGNALS BY CAVEOLIN- 1 182
8. MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF CAVEOLIN- 1 IN APOPTOSIS AND SURVIVAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS 183
9. ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL CAVEOLIN- 1 IN TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS AND TUMOR VASCULAR PERMEABILITY 184
10. CONCLUDING REMARKS 185
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 187
REFERENCES 187
Dietary Modulation of Lipid Rafts 197
1. INTRODUCTION 197
2. DIETARY CHOLESTEROL 197
3. SPHINGOLIPIDS 201
4. OTHER DIETARY LIPIDS 202
5. OTHER DIETARY FACTORS 203
REFERENCES 204
Index 208