Reconstructing Earth′s Climate History – Inquiry–based Exercises for Lab and Class

Dr. Kristen St. John is a Professor of Geology at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, VA. St. John is a marine sedimentologist, specializing in high latitude paleoclimate records and reconstructing ice-rafting histories. She has participated in four scientific ocean drilling expeditions with the ODP/IODP. Her teaching responsibilities include: Earth Systems and Climate Change, Oceanography for Teachers, Earth Science for Teachers, Geowriting and Communication, Paleoclimatology, and Physical Geology. Dr. R. Mark Leckie is a Professor of Geology at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. Leckie is a marine micropaleontologist and specializes in paleoceanography, particularly reconstructing ocean-climate history of the past 120 million years. He has participated in six DSDP/ODP scientific expeditions, and served as Co-Chief Scientist of ODP Leg 165. His teaching responsibilities include: Introductory Oceanography; History of the Earth; Introductory Field Methods; Paleoceanography; and Marine Micropaleontology. Dr. Kate Pound is a Professor of Geology, and a member of the Science Education Group at St. Cloud State University. Pound leads hands-on education and outreach programs for teachers in Minnesota, and was a science educator in the ANDRILL program in Antarctica. Her research focuses on provenance studies and regional tectonics. Her teaching responsibilities include: Physical Geology, Glacial Geology, Field Geology, Rocks & Minerals, Sedimentology, General Education Geology courses, and Science for Elementary Teachers. Dr. Megan Jones is a Professor of Geology at North Hennepin Community College, a diverse, open-access institution. Jones' broad background and experience in marine micropaleontology/paleoceanography, sed/strat and field geology offers her students options to pursue field experiences and undergraduate research. Her research interest focuses on the connections between student motivation and success in introductory science courses. Her teaching responsibilities include: Physical and Historical Geology, Oceanography, and Minnesota Field Geology. Dr. Lawrence Krissek is a Professor in the School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University. His primary scientific research is the study of the evolution of climates and ocean environments on the earth during the past 65 million years. He has conducted field research in the Antarctic, and has sailed on numerous DSDP, ODP, and IODP cruises. He teaches Oceanography, Oceanography for Educators, Field Geology for Educators, Natural Hazards, Physical Geology, Historical Geology, and Stratigraphy and Sedimentation.

The Authors Acknowledgments Book Introduction for Students and Instructors Geologic Timescale Chapter 1. Introduction to Paleoclimate Records. Part 1.1. Archives and Proxies Part 1.2. Owens Lake An Introductory Case Study of Paleoclimate Reconstruction Part 1.3. Coring Glacial Ice and Seafloor Sediments Chapter 2. Seafloor Sediments. Part 2.1. Sediment Predictions Part 2.2. Core Observations and Descriptions Part 2.3. Sediment Composition Part 2.4. Geographic Distribution and Interpretation Chapter 3. Microfossils and Biostratigraphy. Part 3.1. What are Microfossils? Why are they Important in Climate Change Science? Part 3.2. Microfossils in Deep-sea Sediments Part 3.3. Application of Microfossil First and Last Occurrences Part 3.4. Using Microfossil Datums to Calculate Rates Part 3.5. How Reliable are Microfossil Datums? Chapter 4. Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy. Part 4.1. Earth's Magnetic Field Today and the Paleomagnetic Record of Deep-Sea Sediments Part 4.2. Paleomagnetism in Ocean Crust Part 4.3. Using Paleomagnetism to Test the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis Part 4.4. The Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Chapter 5. CO2 as a Climate Regulator during the Phanerozoic and Today. Part 5.1. The Short Term Global Carbon Cycle Part 5.2. CO2 and Temperature Part 5.3. Recent Changes in CO2 Part 5.4. The Long-term Global Carbon Cycle, CO2, and Phanerozoic Climate History Chapter 6. The Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Isotope Record of Cenozoic Climate Change. Part 6.1. Introduction Part 6.2. Stable Isotope Geochemistry Part 6.3. A Biogeochemical Proxy Part 6.4. Patterns, Trends and Implications for Cenozoic Climate Chapter 7. Scientific Drilling in the Arctic Ocean: A Lesson on the Nature of Science. Part 7.1. Climate Models and Regional Climate Change Part 7.2. Arctic Drilling Challenges and Solutions Part 7.3. The Need for Scientific Drilling Part 7.4. Results of the Arctic Drilling Expedition Chapter 8. Climate Cycles. Part 8.1. Patterns and Periodicities Part 8.2. Orbital Metronome Part 8.3. A Break in the Pattern Chapter 9. The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Event. Part 9.1. The Cenozoic 13C Record and an Important Discovery Part 9.2. Global Consequences of the PETM Part 9.3. Bad Gas: Is Methane to Blame? Part 9.4. How fast? How long? Part 9.5. Global Warming Today and Lessons from the PETM Chapter 10. Glaciation of Antarctica: The Oi1 Event. Part 10.1. Initial Evidence Part 10.2. Evidence for Global Change Part 10.3. Mountain Building, Weathering, CO2 and Climate Part 10.4. Legacy of the Oi1 Event: The Development of the Psychrosphere Chapter 11. Antarctica and Neogene Global Climate Change. Part 11.1. What do we Think we Know about the History of Antarctic Climate? Part 11.2. What is Antarctica's Geographic & Geologic Context? Part 11.3. Selecting Drillsites to Best Answer our Questions Chapter 12. Interpreting Antarctic Sediment Cores: A Record of Dynamic Neogene Climate. Part 12.1. What Sediment Facies are Common on the Antarctic Margin? Part 12.2. ANDRILL 1-B The BIG Picture Part 12.3. Pliocene Sedimentary Patterns in the ANDRILL 1-B Core Ch. 13. Pliocene Warmth: Are We Seeing Our Future? Part 13.1. The last 5 million years Part 13.2. Sea Level Past, Present, and Future Chapter 14. Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Part 14.1. Concepts & Predictions Part 14.2. What is the Evidence? Part 14.3. What Caused It? Index