Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth

Shun-ichiro Karato is an Earth scientist who conducts interdisciplinary studies encompassing mineral physics and geodynamics. He received his degrees from the University of Tokyo, and held faculty positions at the Universities of Tokyo and Minnesota, before moving to Yale University in 2001. He has received several awards, including the Japan Academy Award, the Vening Meinesz Medal and Birch Lectureship, and has authored some 200 publications, including 7 books.

Contributors vii

Preface ix

Part 1 Materials’ Properties 1

1 Volatiles under High Pressure 3
Hans Keppler

2 Earth’s Mantle Melting in the Presence of C–O–H–Bearing Fluid 38
Konstantin D. Litasov, Anton Shatskiy, and Eiji Ohtani

3 Elasticity, Anelasticity, and Viscosity of a Partially Molten Rock 66
Yasuko Takei

4 Rheological Properties of Minerals and Rocks 94
Shun-ichiro Karato

5 Electrical Conductivity of Minerals and Rocks 145
Shun-ichiro Karato and Duojun Wang

Part 2 Compositional Models 183

6 Chemical Composition of the Earth’s Lower Mantle: Constraints from Elasticity 185
Motohiko Murakami

7 Ab Initio Mineralogical Model of the Earth’s Lower Mantle 213
Taku Tsuchiya and Kenji Kawai

8 Chemical and Physical Properties and Thermal State of the Core 244
Eiji Ohtani

9 Composition and Internal Dynamics of Super-Earths 271
Diana Valencia

Part 3 Geophysical Observations and Models of Material Circulation 295

10 Seismic Observations of Mantle Discontinuities and Their Mineralogical and Dynamical Interpretation 297
Arwen Deuss, Jennifer Andrews, and Elizabeth Day

11 Global Imaging of the Earth’s Deep Interior: Seismic Constraints on (An)isotropy, Density and Attenuation 324
Jeannot Trampert and Andreas Fichtner

12 Mantle Mixing: Processes and Modeling 351
Peter E. van Keken

13 Fluid Processes in Subduction Zones and Water Transport to the Deep Mantle 372
Hikaru Iwamori and Tomoeki Nakakuki

Index 393

Colour plate section can be found between pages 214–215