Amphiboles

I. Introduction and Acknowledgments.- II. Crystal Chemistry of the Amphiboles.- Historical Review.- General Considerations.- Site Occupancy.- Ionic Substitutions and Lattice Effects.- Unit Cell Dimensions of Synthetic Amphiboles.- Observed b-Axis Variation and M2 Occupancy of Natural Monoclinic Amphiboles.- III. Compositional Variations of the Amphiboles.- Classification.- Iron-Magnesium Amphiboles.- Calcic Amphiboles.- Sodic Amphiboles.- Amphibole Miscibility Gaps.- IV. Hydrothermal Phase Equilibration and Natural Stability.- Experimental Techniques.- Demonstration of Experimental Equilibria.- Contrasts in Natural and Synthetic Conditions.- V. Experimental Phase Relations and Occurrence of the Iron-Magnesium Amphiboles.- Anthophyllites, ?(Mg,Fe+2)7Si8O22(OH)2.- Gedrites, ?(Mg,Fe+2)5Al2Si6Al2O22(OH)2.- Cummingtonite-Grunerite, ?(Mg,Fe+2)7Si8O22 (OH)2.- Natural Occurrences of the Iron-Magnesium Amphiboles.- VI. Experimental Phase Relations and Occurrence of the Calcic Amphiboles.- Tremolite, ?Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2.- Ferrotremolite, ?Ca2Fe5+2Si8O22COH)2.- Actinolites, ?Ca2(Mg,Fe+2)5Si8O22(OH)2.- Pargasite, NaCa2Mg4AlSi6Al2O22(OH)2.- Ferropargasite, NaCa2Fe4+2AlSi6Al2O22(OH)2..- Other Calcic Amphiboles.- Natural Occurrences of the Calcic Amphiboles.- Amphiboles in the Mantle.- VII. Experimental Phase Relations and Occurrence of the Sodic Amphiboles.- Glaucophane, ?Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2.- Magnesioriebeckite, ?Na2Mg3Fe2+3Si8O22(OH)2.- Riebeckite and Riebeckite-Arfvedsonite Solid Solutions, ?Na2Fe3+2Fe2+3Si8O22(OH)2?Na2.4? Fe4.9+2Fe0.7+3Si7.7Fe0.3+3O22(OH)2.- Ferroglaucophane, ?Na2Fe3+2Al2Si8O22(OH)2.- Polymorphism in Sodic Amphiboles.- Richterite, Na2CaMg5Si8O22(OH)2, and Eckermannite, Na3Mg4AlSi8O22(OH)2.- "Magnesiorichterte," Na2Mg6Si8O22(OH)2, and "Fluormagnesiorichterite," Na2Mg6Si8? O22F2.- Natural Occurrences of the Sodic Amphiboles.- VIII. Concluding Statement.- Comparison of Experimental P-T Curves.- Final Remarks.- References.- Author Index.