Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics

Ib Chorkenforff has been the author or co author of more than 100 scientific papers and one patent. He is active within surface science and heterogeneous catalysis and has been heading a number of larger research initiatives in Denmark, spanning from materials science to future energy research. He has been awarded the Brinch award and is an elected member of The Danish Academy of Natural Sciences (DNA) and The Academy for Technical Sciences (ATV). Hans Niemantsverdriet is author of Spectroscopy in Catalysis (VCH, Weinheim 1993), co author of Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis (together with R.A. van Santen; Plenum, New York, 1995) and co author of more than 150 publications. He was President of the European Federation of Catalysis Societies, and has been Associate Editor of the Journal of Catalysis since 1996.

INTRODUCTION TO CATALYSIS What is Catalysis Catalysts Can Be Atoms, Molecules, Enzymes and Solid Surfaces Why is Catalysis Important Catalysis as a Multidisciplinary Science The Scope of This Book Catalysis in Journals General References to Textbooks in Catalysis KINETICS Introduction The Rate Equation and Power Rate Laws Reactions and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Temperature Dependence of the Rate Integrated Rate Equations: Time Dependence of Concentrations in Reactions of Different Orders Coupled Reactions in Flow Reactors: The Steady state Approximation Coupled Reactions in Batch Reactors Catalytic Reactions Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms Reaction Mechanisms Entropy, Entropy Production, Auto Catalysis and Oscillating Reactions Kinetics of Enzyme catalyzed Reactions REACTION RATE THEORY Introduction The Boltzmann Distribution and the Partition Function Partition Functions of Atoms and Molecules Molecules in Equilibrium Collision Theory Activation of Reacting Molecules by Collisions: The Lindermann Theory Transition State Theory Transition State Theory of Surface Reactions Summary CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION Introduction X Ray Diffraction (XRD) X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Extended X Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Electron Microscopy Mossbauer Spectroscopy Ion Spectroscopy: SIMS, LEIS, RBS Temperature programmed Reduction, Oxidation and Sulfidation Infrared Spectroscopy Surface Science Techniques Concluding Remarks SOLID CATALYSTS Requirements of a Successful Catalyst Structure of Metals, Oxides and Sulfides and their Surfaces Characteristics of Small Particles and Porous Material Catalyst Supports Preparation of Supported Catalysts Unsupported Catalysts Zeolites Catalyst Testing SURFACE REACTIVITY Introduction Physisorption Chemical Bonding Chemisorption Important Trends in Surface Reactivity KINETICS OF REACTIONS ON SURFACES Elementary Surface Reactions Kinetic Parameters from Fitting Langmuir Hinshelwood Models Micro kinetic Modeling HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN PRACTICE: HYDROGEN Introduction Steam Reforming Process Reactions of Synthesis Gas Water Gas Shift Reaction Synthesis of Ammonia Promoters and Inhibitors The Hydrogen Society OIL REFINING AND PRETROCHEMISTRY Crude Oil Hydrotreating Gasoline Production Petrochemistry: Reactions of Small Olefins ENVIRONMENTAL CATALYSIS Introduction Automotive Exhaust Catalysis Air Pollution by Large Stationary Sources QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES Appendix A Index