Marine Turbulence

List of contributors; Foreword; Preface; Joel H. Ferviger - Obituary; Part I. On the Physics of Turbulence; 1. Prologue; 2. Turbulence: its origins and structure; 3. A novel two-equation turbulence closure for high Reynolds numbers: homogenous stratified shear layers; 4. A novel two-equation turbulence closure for high Reynolds numbers: spatially non-uniform turbulence; 5. on some analogies between high-Reynolds-number turbulence and a vortex gas for a simple flow configuration; 6. A spectral-closure model for turbulent flows with stable stratification; 7. Intermittency; 8. Horizontal mixing processes; 9. Epilogue; Part II. Observational Methods; 10. Prologue; 11. Horizontal and vertical turbulence profilers; 12. Microstructure sensors; 13. Optical sensors; 14. Dissipation measurement: theory; 15. Acoustic Doppler techniques; 16. Validation of microstructure-based diffusivity estimates using tracers in lakes and oceans; 17. Other methods and approaches; 18. Epilogue; Part III. Numerical and Computational Methods; 19. Prologue; 20. Direct and large-eddy simulation of turbulence; 21. Marine-turbulence modeling using data assimilation; 22. A generic transport equation for the length scale in turbulent flows; 23. Some numerical aspects of turbulence-closure models; 24. How to do random walk right in eddy-viscosity models; 25. The GOTM modeling system; 26. Coupling of the GOTM turbulence module to some three-dimensional ocean models; 27. Epilogue; Part IV. Boundary Layers; 28. Prologue; 29. The surface mixed layer: an overview; 30. The near-surface boundary layer; 31. Modeling turbulence generation by breaking waves; 32. Langmuir circulation; 33. Near-bottom boundary layers; 34. Equatorial turbulence; 35. The effect of rotation on convective boundary-layer turbulence; 36. Epilogue; Part V. Estuaries, Fjords, and Lakes: 37. Prologue; 38. Turbulence in a swift tidal channel with weak stratification; 39. Partially mixed estuaries: the Hudson River; 40. Turbulence measurements in highly stratified estuaries; 41. Turbulence measurements in fjords; 42. Turbulence and mixing regimes specific to lakes; 43. Epilogue; Part VI. Shelf Seas and the Shelf Edge: 44. Prologue; 45. The near-shore region; 46. The four shelf-sea regimes; 47. The doubly stratified regime: turbulence closures for an OGCM of the Baltic Sea; 48. The shelf edge: internal waves; 49. Epilogue; Part VII. Large-Scale Processes; 50. Prologue; 51. Routes to dissipation in the ocean: the two-dimensional/three-dimensional turbulence conundrum; 52. From mixing to geostrophy: geostrophic turbulence in atmospheres, oceans, and the laboratory; 53. Geostrophic eddies: an overview of their effects and parameterizations in ocean models; 54. Vortex dynamics and turbulent lateral heat transport; 55. Subgrid- and supergird-scale parameterization of turbulence in quasi-two-dimensional barotropic flows and phenomenon of negative viscosity; Energy spectra and zonal flows on the β-plane, on a rotating sphere, and on giant planets; 57. Vortex dynamics and β-plane turbulence; 58. On the role of eddy mixing in the transport of zonal ocean currents; 59. Passive scalars in two-dimensional and quasi-geostrophic turbulence; 60. Epilogue; Part VIII. The CD-ROM: Data Sets and Numerical Codes: 61. Prologue; 62. Model codes; 63. Data sets; 64. Epilogue; References.