Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status

Tomás Romero graduated from the University of Chile, School of Medicine. He completed residencies in Internal Medicine and Cardiology at San Borja Hospital (Chairman Prof Francisco Rojas Villegas), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, and a Cardiology Fellowship at the University of California, San Diego, California (Chairman Professor Eugene Braunwald). He has the following American Boards Certification: American College of Physicians, American College of Cardiology, American Society of Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Heart Association (Emeritus), American College of Cardiology (Emeritus), American College of Physicians, American Society of Cardiac Angiography and Interventions.  He has affiliations to the following San Diego Healthcare Centers: Associate Clinical Professor, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sharp Health Care, and Scripps Health Care. Past Chief of Cardiology, Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center; Past Review Board Member, Sharp Health Care; President of the Fundación Araucaria Foundation, San Diego, California. Honorary Member of Chilean Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. He has published or sponsored through Fundación Araucaria Foundation more than 200 research contributions on the subject of coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, most of them published or presented in international journals or scientific sessions.

Carolina Nazzal Nazal received her PhD in Public Health from the University of Chile in 2013. She has been an Associate Professor at the University of Chile in the Epidemiology Programme since 2005. Her research focuses on cardiovascular disease and its social determinants, with a long research on coronary heart disease in women, vulnerable populations, and evaluation of public policies in cardiovascular disease. Currently she has also incorporated environmental factors such as climate change in the study of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease that mainly affects the most vulnerable regions. She is author or co-author of more than 70 publications in national and international journals, as well as author of numerous research papers presented at national and international cardiology congresses. She is a consultant on cardiovascular issues for the Chilean Ministry of Health and a member of the Council on Cardiopathy in Women of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology.

Fernando Lanas Zanetti, MD, graduated from the University of Chile School of Medicine. He completed a residency in Internal Medicine at Universidad de Chile and was a Cardiology Fellow at the University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital. He obtained a Master's Degree from the University of Pennsylvania in Clinical Epidemiology and a PhD from Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona in Biomedical Research and Public Health. He is a full professor of medicine at Universidad de La Frontera, where he was the chair of the cardiology unit and director of the internal medicine department. He is a fellow of ACC, ESC, and SIAC. His research interests are risk factors and therapy for cardiovascular diseases. He has 340 ISI publications. He was president of the Chilean Society of Cardiology and the Chilean Society of Hypertension, Vice-President of the InterAmerican Society of Cardiology, and a member of the Scientific Committee of the World Heart Federation. He has been an advisor for the Chilean Ministry of Health PAHO and WHO, and he is a member of the Chilean Academy of Sciences of the Chilean Institute.

Chapter 1. An outlook of Cardiovascular Prevention (CVP). Cardiovascular risk factors, current resources, future promises and impact of socio-economic factors; Tomás Romero.- Chapter 2. Global Programs and Outcomes in Arterial Hypertension Management in Countries with Developing Economies; Sidney C. Smith and Kathryn Taubert.- Chapter 3. Obesity and diabetes in Latin America. The impact of socio-economic status on Programs and outcomes; Cecilia Albala and Fernando Vio.- Chapter 4. Peripheral Artery Disease in Regions with Limited Socioeconomic Resources; Kunihiro Matsushita, Maya Jean Salameh, and Matthew Allison.- Chapter 5. Global Experience of Self-Care in Cardiovascular Prevention; Barbara Riegel, Heleen Westland, Onome H. Osokpo, and Tiny Jaarsma.- Chapter 6. Environment, cardiovascular health, and local and global inequities; Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph and Karla Yohannessen.- Chapter 7. Covid 19 Pandemia, Socio-economic Status, Limitations and Outcomes Observed in the Access to Primary Health Care; Luis Fidel Avendaño, Mauricio Canals, Carolina Nazzal, and Faustino Alonso.- Chapter 8. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Latin America. Comparative Outcomes According to Socio-economic Status; Fernando Lanas, Pamela Serón, and Cheryld Muttel.- Chapter 9. Tackling the Challenge of the Epidemic of Cardiovascular diseases: A case of Sub-Saharan Africa; Elijah Ogola, and Yubrine Moraa Gachemba.- Chapter 10. Socio-economic Factors and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Japan: Is unrestricted access to healthcare resources enough?; Neiko Ozasa and Toshiko Yoshida.
- Chapter 11. Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in India; Ishita Gupta and Dorairaj, Prabhakaran.- Chapter 12. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Management, and Outcomes in China; Doris Sau-Fa Yu, Sophia Fen Ye and Li Polly Wai-Chi.- Chapter 13. WHO, UN, and Sustainable Development Goals: Effective Measures for Prevention of CVD in Developing Economies; Kathryn A. Taubert and Sidney C. Smith.