Hair in Infectious Disease

Ralph M. Trüeb, MD, is Professor of Dermatology. He received his MD and Swiss Board Certification for Dermatology and Venerology as well as for Allergology and Clinical Immunology from the University of Zurich, Switzerland. 1994-5 he spent a year at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas with Rick Sontheimer and at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Dallas with Bruce Beutler to complete his Fellowship in Immunodermatology. After 20 years tenure at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, where he founded and was head of the Hair Consultation Clinic, he established in 2010 his private Center for Dermatology and Hair Diseases in Zurich, where he offers since 2013 doctors-in-training and dermatologists international traineeships in Medical Trichology/Trichiatry. He is founding President of the Swiss Trichology Study group (founding year: 1999), and past-President of the European Hair Research Society (2008-11). His clinical research interests focus on hair loss, inflammatory phenomena, hair aging and anti-aging, hair and nutrition, hair care and cosmetics, and patient expectation management. He is currently author of 261 peer-reviewed scientific publications, and 8 textbooks on hair.

Hudson Dutra Rezende, MD is a board certified Dermatologist especially dedicated to the management of hair and scalp conditions. From 2019 to 2020, Dr. Dutra was invited to join a board of Dermatologists of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, Regional Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, when he was in charge of several medical events. In addition to his private practice in Sao Paulo, Dr. Dutra also teaches Trichology at Lusíada Foundation, Santos, working with physicians enrolled in the Postgraduate Dermatology Course. In 2020, as the pandemic spread, he focused his clinical researches on the better understanding of COVID-19 related hair loss and its impact on the quality of life in patients from Sao Paulo University (USP). He is one of the Editors of the Brazilian book Dermatologia das Alopecias e Estudos dos Cabelos and he has also published numerous peer-viewed papers and book chapters on hair and scalp diseases.

Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias, MD, MsC. PhD is Professor of Dermatology; Chair of the Postgraduate Dermatology Course and Co-Chair of the Residency Training Program in Dermatology, at Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil. Thesis advisor at the Department of Dermatopathology-UFF. Dr. Maria Fernanda Gavazzoni is the founder of the First Alopecia Clinic at Antonio Pedro Federal Hospital-UFF, with special interest in cicatricial alopecia in patients of color and tropical infections. She is board member of the American Hair Research Society (AHRS) since 2018, former Treasurer and Secretary of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology (SBD) 2009-10 and former president of Fluminense Society of Brazilian Dermatologists 2019-20. She is the editor and author of the first text book on hair in Portuguese, several book chapters, and peer-viewed scientific publications. 

Preface.-  1 Introduction.- 2 Brief History of Microbiology.- 2.1 In Jainism: Mahavira.- 2.2 Marcus Terentius Varro.- 2.3 Golden Age of Islamic Civilization: Avicenna and Al-Razi.- 2.4 Girolamo Fracastoro.- 2.5 Antonie van Leuwenhoek and the Invention of the Microscope.- 2.6 Birth of Bacteriology: Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.- 2.7 History of Virology: Dmitrij Iwanowski.- 3 General Considerations on Infectious Diseases.- 3.1 Definition.- 3.2             Classification.- 3.3 Pathophysiology.- 3.4 Transmission.- 3.5 Epidemiology.- 3.6 Prevention.- 4. Infectious Diseases of the Scalp and Hair.- 4.1 Bacterial Diseases. - 4.1.1 Superficial Ostiofolliculitis.- 4.1.2 Impetigo.- 4.1.3 Folliculitis Decalvans.- 4.1.4 Gram-Negative Folliculitis.- 4.1.5 Acne Necrotica.- 4.1.6 Furuncle, Furunculosis, and Carbuncle.- 4.1.7 Trichobacteriosis Palmellina.- 4.1.8 Gonococcal Scalp Abscess of the Newborn.- 4.1.9        Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Scalp.- 4.1.10 Scalp Actinomycosis.- 4.1.11 Cutaneous Granular Bacteriosis.- 4.2 Fungal Diseases.- 4.2.1 Tinea Capitis.- 4.2.2 Tinea Favosa.- 4.2.3 Pityrosporum-Associated Scalp Conditions.- 4.2.4 Piedras.- 4.2.5 Fungal Tropical Diseases.- 4.3 Viral Diseases.- 4.3.1 Varicella Zoster.- 4.3.2 Herpes Folliculitis.- 4.3.3 Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Akanthopapilloma.- 4.3.4 Molluscum Contagiosum.- 4.3.5 Cytomegalovirus.- 4.3.6 Kaposi Sarcoma.- 4.4 Parasitic Disease and Infestations.- 4.4.1 Demodicosis.- 4.4.2 Crusted Scabies with Scalp Involvement.- 4.4.3 Pediculosis Capitis.- 4.4.4 Phthiriasis pubis.- 4.4.5 Tick Bite and Borreliosis.- 4.4.6 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.- 4.4.7 Furunculoid Myiasis.- 4.4.8 Delusion of Parasitosis.- 4.4.9 Morgellons Disease.- 5. The Hair and Scalp in Systemic Infectious Disease.- 5.1 Bacterial Diseases.- 5.1.1 Syphilis.- 5.1.2 Tuberculosis.- 5.1.3 Leprosy.- 5.1.4  Hair Loss in Septic Shock and Toxic Shock Syndrome.- 5.2 Fungal Diseases.- 5.2.1 Septicemic Candida Albicans.- 5.2.2 Cryptococcosis.- 5.3 Viral Disease.- 5.3.1 AIDS.- 5.3.2 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.- 5.3.3 Chikungunya Virus Disease.- 5.3.4 COVID-19.- 6. Diagnostic Techniques.- 6.1 Clinical Examination.- 6.2 Dermoscopy.- 6.3 Wood Lamp Examination.- 6.4 KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) Mounted Preparation.- 6.5 Microbiological Culture Systems.-6.6 Light and Electron Microscopy.- 6.7 Polymerase Chain Reaction.- 7 Posology, Efficacy, and Safety and Efficacy of Antiinfectious Treatments.- 7.1 Antibiotics.- 7.2 Antimycotics.- 7.3 Virostatics.- 7.4 Antiparasitic Agents.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- Subject Index.