Scientific Foundations of Trauma

Part 1: MECHANISMS OF INJURY - PENETRATING INJURY BY PROJECTILES - Wound Ballistics Research before 1945; Projectiles: Types and aerodynamics; Projectile - Material Interactions: Simulants; Projectile - Material Interactions: Soft Tissue and Bone; Penetrating Head Injury; Penetrating Injury of Bones; Penetrating Injury of Blood Vessels; Protection against Penetrating Injury. NON-PENETRATING BLUNT IMPACTS - Non-penetrating Injuries of the Head; Non-penetrating Injury of the Thorax; Non-penetrating Injury of the Abdomen; Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents; Road Traffic Accidents: Injury criteria; Aviation: Injuries and Protections. BLAST OVERPRESSURE INJURY - Physics of Detonations and Blast Waves; Blast Biology; Blast Injury of the Lung; Blast Injury of the Ear; Terrorist Bombings; Military Explosions; Protection against Blast Injury. OTHER TYPES OF INJURY - Crush Injury; Barotrauma; Acceleration and Vibration Induced Injury; Injury from Falls; Injury from Bites. BURNS - Heat Transfer to Tissues; Interaction of Heat with Tissues; Management of Burn Injury. CHEMICAL INJURIES - Mustard Gas Injuries: Skin. Part 2: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY - Assessment of Severity of Injury. LOCAL RESPONSES - The Acute Inflammatory Response; Macrophage-Endothelial Cell Interactions; Bacterial Toxins in Trauma and Sepsis; Eicosanoids, PAF and Nitric Oxides as Mediators of Shock; Opioids: Physiology and Therapeutics; Mechanisms of Cellular damage; The Wound - Organ; Wound Healing. GENERAL RESPONSES - Cardiovascular Responses to Injury; Cardiac Responses to Injury; The Response of the Splanchnic Circulation of Injury; Biochemical Consequences of Lung Injury; The Pulmonary Circulation and Trauma; The Response of the Endocrine System to Injury. BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO INJURY - Effects of Injury on Metabolic Rate; Substrate Metabolism in Injury; Protein Metabolism in Injury; Mechanisms of Infection.