Body Recomposition

Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, CFFS, MAIChE, received his Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is the Director of Scientific Affairs, VNI Inc., Bonita Springs, FL; an Adjunct Professor in College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX; an Adjunct Faculty in the Department of Biology, Adelphi University, New York, NY, and an ex-Professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX. He served as the Chief Scientific Officer at Cepham Inc, Belmont, NJ, from June 2013, till Dec 2018. He served as the Senior Vice President of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, CA, from 1998 till Feb 2011; Director of Innovation and Clinical Affairs, of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, ON, till June 2013; and then Chief Scientific Officer of Cepham Inc., Somerset. NJ. Dr. Bagchi is currently the Course Director and Instructor of a 3-Credit Hour Graduate Level Neurotoxicology BIO585 Course in the Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010 and became a Fellow of ISNFF in 2021. He is the Past Chairman of International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), Past President of American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, FL, and Past Chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, IL. He is serving as a Distinguished Advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Dr. Bagchi has 415 papers in peer reviewed journals, 44 books and 20 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a Member of the Society of Toxicology, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and Member of the TCE stakeholder Committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. Dr. Bagchi is the Associate Editors of the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and also serving as Editorial Board Member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Food & Nutrition Research, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, The Original Internist, and other peer reviewed journals. Bernard William (Bill) Downs received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1975 from Pennsylvania State University. Downs simultaneously pursued his master’s degree and Ph.D. in Nutrition and Biochemistry at Immaculata University in Immaculata, PA; advanced degree not completed. He became Director of Therapeutic Nutrition for Morrison Family and Sports Medicine, Huntingdon Valley, PA from 1990 till 1996. Downs served as the Director of Technical Sales for InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc., Benicia, CA from 1990 till 2003. He was the Director of Research and Development for Allied Nutraceutical Research, Blue Bell, PA, from 2003 till 2008. Downs served as the CEO of LifeGen Research from 2009 till 2013, Lederach, PA. Downs is Founder and CEO of Victory Nutrition International, Inc., a Research & Development Biotech Company, Lederach, PA. Downs is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American College of Nutrition, and past member of the NY Academy of Sciences. He is on the editorial review board of the Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome. Downs has authored or co-authored 105 papers published in peer-reviewed journals, numerous chapters in texts and handbooks for clinicians and researchers, with patents-pending in nutraceutical biotechnology. Research publications have been on issues ranging from immunity, anemia and metabolic disorders to addictions, obsessions, compulsions, and personality disorders, among other Reward Deficiency Syndrome conditions. Dr. Sanjoy Chakraborty received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Calcutta University in 2001. He has a Masters in Biochemistry from Calcutta University, India. He is an Associate Professor at New York City College of Technology of City University of New York (CUNY). He teaches the Anatomy and Physiology and the Pathophysiology courses to students, mainly from health science majors (like Nursing, Dental Hygiene, and Radiology Technology). He is the coordinator of the Anatomy and Physiology I course. He has developed the Pathophysiology course (hybrid and online versions) and is the course coordinator. He has been a member of the departmental appointments committee since 2009. He also serves on the college council of the college. Dr.Chakraborty’s teaching outreach goes beyond his classroom. He has actively participated in both research programs conducted by the college: Emerging Scholar Program and HonorsScholar Program. He mentored several students in biomedical research and trained them towrite, design, and present college poster presentations. He has published 25 research articles invarious peer-reviewed journals and more than 30 abstracts. He published several chapters in an invited book. His collaborations have enabled students of Citytech to conduct research outside the university and present in national and international meetings. Dr. Chakraborty serves as a reviewer of multiple journals. He has received GRTI grants, Perkins-VTEA Grant, and a few PSC-CUNY grants during his tenure at CUNY. Dr. Chakraborty is a member of the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), and the Metropolitan Association of College and University Biologists (MACUB). Dr. Tandra R. Chakraborty is currently the chair and professor of the biology department of Adelphi University, Garden City, New York. She received her BS (Honors), MS, and Ph. D. from the University of Calcutta. After completing her postdoctoral fellowship at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, she joined Adelphi University in 2006. She has served as a biology graduate director for six years. She has focused her career on helping students choose the career paths that best suit their lives, personality, and characteristics and help them achieve success. She is passionate about bringing a change to the Adelphi community by instilling DEI in all and an equitable future. Dr. Chakraborty has published about 30 scientific articles, several book chapters, and abstracts, and presented them in national and international meetings. She has developed a BS in Neuroscience and currently developing a BS. in Biomedical Sciences, both interdisciplinary programs at Adelphi University. She has advised over 300 students and mentored over 50undergraduate and graduate students. She has mentored several faculties and has hosted fundraising events. Dr. Chakraborty has chaired several departments, college, and university committees. She has received grants and established collaborations that help place students for internships. Dr. Chakraborty serves as a reviewer of many journals. She is invited to be the external reviewer of other departments/university’s curricula and external evaluator for faculty going up for tenure and promotion. Kenneth Blum is a well-known American Scientist recognized for his work related to Psychopharmacology and Psychiatric Genetics. He received a B. Sc. degree in Pharmaceutical Science from Columbia University (NYC); a Master’s in Medicine from New Jersey College of Medicine (Rutgers) and a PhD in Neuropharmacology from New York Medical College. He is the recipient of many honors and awards including the Marquis Who’s Who -Distinguished Top Professional to be featured in the Wall Street Journal. DR. Blum has published over 730 peer reviewed articles, book chapters and meeting abstracts with 17 books with over 17,000 citations and 185,000 reads worldwide. He has distinguished himself and is credited with the first genetic association of the Dopamine D2 receptor gene and severe alcoholism published in JAMA, 1990. He is considered by some to be the Father of Psychiatric Genetics. In1995, Dr. Blum coined the term “Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)” and developed the USA and Foreign patented “Genetic Addiction Risk Severity” (GARS) test. Dr. Blum has also developed patented Pro-dopamine regulators in USA and Europe. His overall patent portfolio consists of 100 patents worldwide. Dr. Blum is the Editor -in-Chief on a number of academic journals including Current Psychopharmacology, addiction psychiatry, and Theranostic and Pharmacological Sciences. He also serves as Associate editor for Frontiers in Psychiatry and Frontiers in Public Health both related to the section on substance use disorder. He serves on 23 peer reviewed journals and is regional editor for Current Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology. His work has been featured in all the major media outlets worldwide and in 1990 his work on genetics was in the top 25 most important discoveries in science by Discovery Magazine. He is the recipient of NIH grants and has been awarded Lifetime Achievements, distinguished Honorary Doctors of Humane Letters; Life-time Honorary Professor at ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary and Distinguished Honorary Professor at Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Israel. Currently, besides faculty positions as adjunct professor (Western University, University of Vermont, Wright School of Medicine), he is the Executive Chairman and CEO of TranspliceGen Therapeutics, Inc. Stanford university credited him as top 2% of the World Best scientist list (2023). Most recently the International Research Awards on Neurology and Neuro Disorders awarded him the “Best Researcher Award 2023”.

I. About the Editors
II. List of Contributors
III. Preface

IV. Introduction

1. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The Repetitious Disaster of Modern Times
Devaraja Sannaningaiah Ph.D

2. Human Physiology and Metabolism: An Overview
Dr. Dilip Kumar Nandi and Dr. Mousumi Mitra

V. Factors Influencing Fat Accumulation

3. Addressing Obesity Thru Body Re-Composition: A Metabolic Alternative to Weight Loss
Imtiaz Ahmad and Sulochana Cheepineeti

4. Is Controlling Diet Enough to Reduce and Treat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?
Garry Tellus, Sanjoy Chakraborty, and Tandra R. Chakraborty

5. Genetic Predisposition: An Overview
Udaya Kumar, Sakshi Jain, Aakash Arwind Dube, Rajni Prajapat, Krishna Murti, Sameer Dhingra, and Nitesh Kumar

6. Harnessing the Gut Microbial Arm in combating Obesity
Garima Suneja, Janvi Shah, Sanober Waghoo, Rahul Shah, Ravi Shroff, Upasana Mangrolia, and Gautam Das
7. Regulation of Food Intake: Roles of Leptin, Ghrelin, NPY and Cortisol
Beatrice Anne M & Satinath Mukhopadhyay

VI. Molecular Mechanisms

8. An Overview on Cellular and Metabolic Homeostasis
Shivani Behera, Ambika Shandilya, Helan K.P, Anuradha Kesharwani, Vipan Kumar Parihar, V Udaya Kumar, Krishna Murti

9. Phytochemical-Microbiota Interaction at the Interphase of Human Health and Disease
Priyankar Dey

10. DYING TO LOSE WEIGHT

Genetic Addiction Obesity Risk Assessment (GORA) Panel Embracing Precision Obesity Management (POM)
Kenneth Blum, Mark S Gold, Abdalla Bowirrat, Igor Elman, Milan T. Makale, Debasis Bagchi, Eric R Braverman, Catherine A. Dennen, Panayotis K Thanos, Colin Hanna, Rajendra D. Badgaiyan

11. Crosslink Between Abdominal Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Health
Abhilasha Singh

12. Obesity and Hypertension
Muhammad Manjurul Karim, Samiur Rahim and Fariha Nusrat

13. Intrauterine Growth Restriction – A Risk Factor for Later Morbidity and Lifestyle Diseases
Vishnu Bhat Ballambattu and Krishna Rao Gurugubelli

14. Varicose Veins, Obesity, and Preventive Measures
Madhu Sharma, Aarti Bains, Prince Chawla

15. Assessment of Body Composition: from BMI to Body Composition Profiling
Dr. Sayantan Ray, MD

16. Genetic Aspects of Food Intake Control and Obesity
Dr. Renata M. Pinto, MD, PhD

17. Diabetes and Glucose-Insulin Pathology
Saptadip Samanta

18. Influence of a Healthy Gut Microbiome
Tejaswini Baral, Malakapogu Pravachana, Ruby Benson, Aieshel Serafin Johnson,
Mahadev Rao, Sonal Sekhar Miraj

VII. Strategies for Body Recomposition and Weight Management

19. Significance of the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Complementary Methods in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Diana Rodríguez-Vera, Mónica Barrón-González, Eunice D. Farfán-García, Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa

VIII. Healthy Diet in the Management of Obesity: Cornerstones of Healthy Eating Patterns

20. Roles of Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats in Healthy Weight Management
Vibeizonuo Rupreo, Jhimli Bhattacharyya

21. Impact of Unhealthy Food Habits on Human Health
Pradeep Singh Negi

IX. Physical Exercise And Lifestyle

22. Roles of Physical Exercise in Overall Metabolic Health and Body Recomposition
Amruta Balekundri, Eknath D. Ahire, Khemchand R. Surana, Raj K. Keservani, Sanjay J. Kshirsagar

23. A Natural Solution to Combat Obesity: Natural Products for Weight Management
Dr. H N Shivaprasad, Mrs. T Sravani, Ms. Pakala Preethi, Mr. Gaurav Soni and Mr. Madhu Krishnamani

X. Strategies in Healthy Weight Management6

24. Phytoconstituents: Potential Role in the Treatment and Management of Obesity
Dr. Sudipta Chakraborty, Arna Pal, and Dipanjana Ash

25.Medicinal and edible mushrooms against obesity
Vidushi S Neergheen, PhD

26. Green Tea in Weight Management
Susrishta Mukherjee, Rishita Rakshit, Rajib Majumder, Arpita Das

27. Efficiency of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Regulating Overweight, Obesity, and Metabolism
Subrota Hati,, Kunal M. Gawai, Ashish M. Shendurse, Krupali Ramanuj

28. Obesity, gut microbiota, and probiotic interventions
Pradipta Banerjee, Krishnendu Adhikary, Sriya Choudhury, Riya Sarkar, Sumana Roy Chowdhury

29. Diet, Bioactive compounds, and Functional Foods in Weight Management
Dr. Jerzy Zawistowski, Dr. Aneta Kopeć, and Dr. Jerzy Zawistowski, PhD., MSc., CFS.

XI. Childhood Obesity: A Disastrous Consequence

30. Childhood Obesity - Etiology, Consequences and Prevention
Dr. Sudipta Chakraborty, PhD; Arna Pal, PhD

X. Statistical Analysis

31. Statistical Methodologies for Obesity and Metabolic syndrome Investigations
Kohsuke Hayamizu, PhD