Pain Management and Anesthesiology

Mechanisms of Opioid Analgesia and Tolerance.- Descending Facilitation of Pain.- The Contribution of NMDA and Second Messengers to the Persistent Pain States Produced by Tissue and Nerve Injury.- New Clinical Pharmacology Concepts in Pain Management.- The Contribution of Substance P to Long-term Changes in the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn: Reorganization in the Setting of Persistent Injury.- Pain and the Surgical Stress Response.- Visceral Pain and Visceral Hyperalgesia.- Postoperative Pain: Assessment and Choice of Methods of Treatment.- Patient-controlled Analgesia (Part I): Historical Perspective.- Peripheral Treatment of Acute Pain.- Patient-controlled Analgesia (Part II): Update on Its Clinical Usage.- Organization and Operation of an Acute Pain Server.- Use of Non-opioid Analgesic Techniques.- Pain Management in Children.- Effect of Postoperative Pain on Surgical Outcome.- Pain Assessment in Kids—The Fifth Vital Sign.- Complications and Relative Safety of Regional Anesthesia in Children.- Pediatric Sedation Challenges Outside the Operating Room.- Spinal Opioids: Clinical Applications for Acute and Chronic Pain.- Epidural Steroids.- Mechanisms and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury Pain: An Update.- Prevention of Post-Herpetic Neuralgia.- Update on Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology of Epidural Neural Blockade.- The Interface Between Acute and Chronic Pain Management.- Radiation Safety for the Pain Physician and the Use of a Laser Guided C-arm to Facilitate Pain Block Placements.