CDC Yellow Book 2024

About the Editor in Chief: Jeffrey B. Nemhauser, MD, served as senior medical officer in the Travelers' Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2017 to 2023. About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a United States federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

List of Maps, by topic
CDC Contributors
External Contributors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Dedication


1 Introduction

Disease Patterns in Travelers
...perspectives: Why Guidelines Differ
Maps & Travel Medicine
Improving the Quality of Travel Medicine through Education & Training


2 Preparing International Travelers

The Pretravel Consultation
...perspectives: Travelers' Perception of Risk
Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis-General Principles
Interactions Between Travel Vaccines & Drugs
Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country
Travelers' Diarrhea
...perspectives: Antibiotics in Travelers' Diarrhea-Balancing Benefit & Risk
Food & Water Precautions
Water Disinfection
Travel Health Kits
Last-Minute Travelers
Mental Health
LGBTQ+ Travelers
Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches to Travel Wellness
Prioritizing Care for Resource-Limited Travelers
Telemedicine
...perspectives: Risk Management Issues in Travel Medicine


3 Travelers with Additional Considerations

Immunocompromised Travelers
Travelers with Disabilities
Travelers with Chronic Illnesses
Highly Allergic Travelers
Substance Use & Substance Use Disorders


4 Environmental Hazards & Risks

Sun Exposure
Extremes of Temperature
Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation
Scuba Diving: Decompression Illness & Other Dive-Related Injuries
High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness
Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods
Zoonotic Exposures: Bites, Stings, Scratches & Other Hazards
Zoonoses-The One Health Approach
Bringing Animals & Animal Products into the United States
Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins
Safety & Security Overseas
Injury & Trauma
Death During Travel

5 Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases

BACTERIAL
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Bacterial
Anthrax
Bartonella Infections
Brucellosis
Campylobacteriosis
Cholera
Diphtheria
Escherichia coli, Diarrheagenic
Helicobacter pylori
Legionnaires' Disease & Pontiac Fever
Leptospirosis
Lyme Disease
Melioidosis
Meningococcal Disease
Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Plague
Pneumococcal Disease
Q Fever
Rickettsial Diseases
Salmonellosis, Nontyphoidal
Shigellosis
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
...perspectives: Testing Travelers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever
Yersiniosis

VIRAL
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Viral
B Virus
Chikungunya
COVID-19
Dengue
Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease
Henipavirus Infections
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Human Immunodeficiency Virus / HIV
Influenza
Japanese Encephalitis
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome / MERS
Mumps
Norovirus
Poliomyelitis
Rabies
...perspectives: Rabies Immunization
Rubella
Rubeola / Measles
Smallpox & Other Orthopoxvirus-Associated Infections
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Varicella / Chickenpox
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Yellow Fever
Zika

PARASITIC
Amebiasis
Angiostrongyliasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Cyclosporiasis
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Enterobiasis / Pinworm
Filariasis, Lymphatic
Flukes, Liver
Flukes, Lung
Giardiasis
Helminths, Soil-Transmitted
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Malaria
Onchocerciasis / River Blindness
Sarcocystosis
Scabies
Schistosomiasis
Strongyloidiasis
Taeniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis, African
Trypanosomiasis, American / Chagas Disease

FUNGAL
Coccidioidomycosis / Valley Fever
Histoplasmosis


6 Health Care Abroad

Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance
Obtaining Health Care Abroad
...perspectives: Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines & Medical Products during Travel
Medical Tourism


7 Family Travel

Pregnant Travelers
Travel & Breastfeeding
Traveling Safely with Infants & Children
Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children
International Adoption
Traveling with Pets & Service Animals


8 Travel by Air, Land & Sea

Air Travel
...perspectives: Responding to Medical Emergencies when Flying
Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism
Jet Lag
Road & Traffic Safety
Cruise Ship Travel
Motion Sickness
Airplanes & Cruise Ships: Illness & Death Reporting & Public Health Interventions


9 Travel for Work & Other Reasons

The International Business Traveler
Advice for Aircrew
...perspectives: People Who Fly for a Living-Health Myths & Realities
Health Care Workers, Including Public Health Researchers & Medical Laboratorians
Humanitarian Aid Workers
United States Military Deployments
Long-Term Travelers & Expatriates
Study Abroad & Other International Student Travel
Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel
Mass Gatherings
Adventure Travel
Sex & Travel


10 Popular Itineraries

The Rationale for Popular Itineraries

AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST
African Safaris
Saudi Arabia: Hajj & Umrah Pilgrimages
South Africa
Tanzania & Zanzibar

THE AMERICAS & THE CARIBBEAN
Brazil
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Mexico
Peru

ASIA
Burma (Myanmar)
China
India
Nepal
Thailand


11 Posttravel Evaluation

General Approach to the Returned Traveler
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases
...perspectives: Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers
Fever in the Returned Traveler
Antimicrobial Resistance
Respiratory Infections
Persistent Diarrhea in Returned Travelers
Dermatological Conditions
...perspectives: Delusional Parasitosis
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Newly Arrived Immigrants, Refugees & Other Migrants