Motion Correction in MR

André van der Kouwe, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Radiology at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging in the Department of Radiology of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Dr. van der Kouwe studied electronic and bioengineering at the University of Pretoria in South Africa where he developed a brain-computer interface using brain electrical evoked signals. He received a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the Ohio State University, having developed a continuous brain electrophysiology monitoring system for critically ill patients in the neurointensive care unit at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. He completed a research fellowship in magnetic resonance imaging at the Martinos Center where he continues to develop pulse sequences and image reconstruction software for tracking and correcting motion and related effects in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, along with acquisition methods for brain morphometry and ultra-high resolution brain tissue imaging, which he shares with the research community. Dr. van der Kouwe values his collaboration with colleagues at the Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre at the University of Cape Town who study brain disorders relevant to global health, including the effects on the developing brain of prenatal alcohol exposure and exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral drugs in neonates and children. Jalal Andre, M.D. is Associate Professor of Radiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a practicing diagnostic neuroradiologist who holds current clinical privileges at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and the University of Washington, Harborview, and Northwest Medical Centers. He is a Diplomate for the American Board of Radiology and holds a Certificate of Additional Qualification in diagnostic neuroradiology. Dr. Andre received a Doctor of Medicine degree at Drexel University College of Medicine. He completed a preliminary year in internal medicine at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, PA, followed by four-year residency training in diagnostic radiology at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, NJ, and two-year fellowship training in diagnostic neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center (Stanford, CA), which included collaboration in several translational research projects in diffusion weighted imaging, arterial spin labeling and perfusion weighted imaging. Dr Andre’s primary research interests have focused on evaluating and quantifying motion in clinical MRI scans, and on perfusion and diffusion-based techniques as applied to cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic brain injury, and primary brain tumors (including glioblastoma). Dr. Andre was the recipient of the 2016 Radiological Society of North America’s Research Scholar Grant for his project entitled, “Evaluating the Prevalence, Temporal Etiology, and Cost of Patient Motion During Clinical MR Examinations”.

Part 1: Motion in MR scans 1. Clinical Impact: Why do Patients Move? 2. Impact of Motion on Research Studies 3. Cost Economy of Motion 4. Physical and Pharmacologic Solutions 5. Psychosocial Solutions

Part 2: Consistent Anatomical Selection 6. Automatically Detecting Anatomy 7. Anatomical Coordinate Systems

Part 3: Scan Quality and Motion Metrics 8. Metrics for Motion and MR Quality Assessment 9. Digital and Physical Phantoms for Motion Simulation 10. Analytics/Modality Log Files

Part 4: Dynamic Effects that Compromise Scan Quality in MRI 11. Types of Motion 12. Other Dynamic Changes

Part 5: Methods of Detecting Motion and Associated Field Changes in Real Time 13. External Trackers 14. k-Space Navigators 15. Image-Space Navigators 16. Navigators Without Gradients

Part 6: Retrospective Correction 17. Retrospective Correction of Motion in Images 18. Effects of Motion on Acceleration Techniques 19. Retrospective Correction of Secondary Effects of Motion 20. Machine Learning

Part 7: Prospective Correction 21. Prospective Real-Time Motion Correction and Reacquisition 22. Prospective B0 Correction

Part 8: Clinical Applications Beyond the Brain 23. Body Imaging 24. Musculoskeletal Imaging 25. Cardiac Imaging

Part 9: Technical Applications by Method 26. Spectroscopy, CEST and MT 27. High Resolution Structural Brain Imaging 28. Amplified MR and Physiological Motion 29. Diffusion Imaging 30. Non-Cartesian Imaging 31. Functional MRI

Part 10: Special Applications 32. Fetal and Placental Imaging 33. Neonatal and Pediatric Imaging 34. PET/MR 35. Non-Human Imaging