A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry (eBook)

Pedro Diz Dios is Professor, Consultant, and Head of the Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela & Galician Health Services (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Navdeep Kumar is Divisional Clinical Director at the Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, Consultant in Special Care Dentistry at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Honorary Senior Lecturer at University College London, UK.

About the Authors ix

List of Contributors x

Preface xiii

1 Physical Disability 1

1.1 Cerebral Palsy 1

1.2 Epilepsy 8

1.3 Muscular Dystrophy 17

2 Cognitive Impairment 24

2.1 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 24

2.2 Autism Spectrum Disorders 31

2.3 Down Syndrome 38

3 Sensory Impairment 47

3.1 Visual Deficit 47

3.2 Auditory Deficit 54

4 Infectious Diseases 61

4.1 Tuberculosis 61

4.2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS 68

4.3 Viral Hepatitis 77

5 Endocrine Diseases 85

5.1 Diabetes Mellitus 85

5.2 Hypothyroidism 94

5.3 Hyperthyroidism 101

6 Hepatorenal Diseases 108

6.1 Hepatic Cirrhosis 108

6.2 Chronic Kidney Disease (Dialysis) 115

7 Bone Diseases 125

7.1 Osteoporosis 125

7.2 Paget Disease 132

7.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis 137

8 Cardiovascular Diseases 146

8.1 Arterial Hypertension 146

8.2 Angina Pectoris 156

8.3 History of Myocardial Infarction 164

8.4 Carrier of Coronary Pacemaker 172

8.5 Carrier of Valvular Prosthesis 181

8.6 Carrier of Coronary Stent 190

9 Respiratory Disease 196

9.1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 196

9.2 Asthma 205

10 Bleeding Disorders 216

10.1 Haemophilia 216

10.2 Treatment with Heparin 229

10.3 Treatment with Warfarin (Acenocoumarol) 238

10.4 Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants 247

10.5 Treatment with Antiplatelets 254

11 Blood Dyscrasias 263

11.1 Thalassaemia 263

11.2 Sickle Cell Anaemia 271

11.3 Neutropenia 279

11.4 Thrombocytopenia 286

11.5 Leukaemias 293

11.6 Lymphoma 304

11.7 Bone Marrow Transplantation 314

12 Immunosuppression 323

12.1 Systemic Corticosteroids 323

12.2 Antineoplastic Agents (Chemotherapy) 332

12.3 Immunosuppressants (Solid Organ Transplantation) 346

13 Head and Neck Cancer 358

13.1 Surgery 358

13.2 Radiation Therapy 366

13.3 Oral Cancer Survivor 374

14 Neurological Disorders and Strokes 382

14.1 Alzheimer Disease 382

14.2 Parkinson Disease 391

14.3 Multiple Sclerosis 400

14.4 Motor Neuron Disease 409

14.5 Stroke 418

15 Psychiatric Disorders 428

15.1 Anxiety and Phobia 428

15.2 Depression 439

15.3 Schizophrenia 448

15.4 Recreational Drug Use 457

15.5 Alcoholism 468

16 Other Special Considerations 477

16.1 Allergies 477

16.2 Antiresorptive and Antiangiogenic Drugs 486

16.3 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding 497

16.4 Bariatric Patients 504

16.5 Homelessness 513

16.6 End of Life 521

Appendix 529

Appendix A Case Mix Model 529

Appendix B Common Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 530

Appendix C American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System 533

Appendix D Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 534

Appendix E WHO Three- step Ladder for Pain Relief 535

Appendix F Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 536

Appendix G Classes of Drugs Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 537

Appendix H Bleeding Risk Associated with Dental Procedures 538

Appendix I Topical Haemostatic Agents for Invasive Dental Procedures 539

Index 541

"In summary, A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry is an outstanding resource for those who dedicate their time to learn about and treat the growing population of persons with special care needs."
- Leo Marchini, Oral Diseases, June 2022