PET and SPECT in Neurology

Rudi Dierckx studied medicine and neuropsychiatry at the Free University of Brussels. He was trained as a nuclear medicine physician at the University of Antwerp (1988-1994). Rudi has headed the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the University Hospital of Ghent (Belgium) from 1994 to 2004, and has acquired a Master of Business Administration (MBA) at the Vlerick School of Management in Leuven (2004, cum laude). Since 2005 he is Head of the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging at University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) in The Netherlands. Since 2013, he is also Head of the Medical Imaging Center, and Chairman ad interim of the Department of Radiology at UMCG. His primary research interests are PET studies of the human brain. Andreas Otte, MD, is a board-certified specialist in Nuclear Medicine and Professor of Biomedical Engineering in the Division of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Germany. Prof. Otte received his graduate and post-graduate medical education at the University Hospitals Freiburg, Germany, and Basle, Switzerland, and at the Paul Scherrer Research Institute in Villigen, Switzerland. Thereafter he held various leading positions in clinical research with Pfizer in Freiburg, Germany (International Medical Research, Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals) and at the University Hospital Freiburg. From 2002 to 2009 he was Visiting Professor of Nuclear Medicine in the Medical Faculty of the University of Ghent in Belgium. He took up his present position in 2010. Andreas Otte is the author of many peer-reviewed journal articles and the author or editor/co-editor of a number of books. His research focus is on neurosciences including functional neuroimaging, brain-machine-interfaces, and intelligent neuroprosthetics. Awarded a series of international scientific prizes, he was nominated Editor of the Board of the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine (1998-2003) and the Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine (since 2003). Erik de Vries graduated in chemistry (cum laude) at the University of Leiden (The Netherlands) in 1991 and obtained his PhD in natural sciences at the same university in 1995. After a short project as a chemist at the pharmaceutical company Gist-Brocades in Delft, the Netherlands, he moved to the University Medical Center Groningen in 1996, where he is still working as a Professor at the Department of Translational Molecular Imaging. Since 2007, he is the research coordinator of this department. Erik was also guest lecturer in molecular and diagnostic imaging at the University Sapienza in Rome, Italy from 2007 to 2013. He has a special interest in the development and application of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of inflammation and tumor drug targets. Aren van Waarde studied animal physiology and received a PhD degree from Leiden University in the Netherlands. He worked as a postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University (1986-1988). After his return from the US, he was appointed in Leiden as a Fellow of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and worked on in vivo NMR spectroscopy of aquatic animals. For this research he received an award (C.J.Kok prize, Leiden University). Since 1991 he is a member of the permanent staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (formerly: PET Center) at the University Medical Center Groningen (Netherlands), and is involved in the preclinical evaluation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. His primary research interests are PET studies of receptors in the brain and the use of PET to examine the mechanism(s) of action of CNS drugs. Nico (Klaus L) Leenders studied medicine at the University of Amsterdam. He was certified as a neurologist in 1980, after practical training in Amsterdam and Utrecht. For postgraduate training he moved to London (UK), where he worked at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases (Queens Square, 1980-1981) and was subsequently employed as a Research Fellow at the MRC Cyclotron Unit of Hammersmith Hospital (1982-1984) and as Senior Registrar Neurology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (1984-1988). He defended a thesis about positron emission tomography of movement disorders at the Free University of Amsterdam in 1986 and acquired the PhD degree "cum laude". From 1988-1998, Nico was clinical head of the PET group at Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) and from 1990-1998 Privat-Dozent (later Titular-Professor and Head of the Movement Disorders Clinic) at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (Switzerland). Since 1998, he is Full Professor of Neurology at the University Medical Center Groningen (The Netherlands). The research of Prof. Leenders has focused on research and clinical applications of PET concerning movement disorders and other neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain.

PART I BASICS: Tracers for Neurology.- Tracer-Kinetic Modeling.- Quantification in Brain SPECT: Noninvasive Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements.- Artificial Intelligence in the Analysis of PET scans of the Human Brain.- MRI/PET Imaging of the Brain.- The Default Network of the Brain.- Analysis of Brain Connectivity using PET, SPECT, and MRI.- PART II DEMENTIA: Neuroimaging Findings in Dementia.- Abeta Imaging.- Imaging of Tau Pathology.- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.- Neuroimaging Findings in Mild Cognitive Impairment.- Impact of the IWG/Dubois Criteria for AD in Imaging Studies.- Perfusion SPECT in the Diagnosis of AD.- Nuclear Imaging in Frontotemporal Dementia.- Parkinson Dementia: PET Finding.- SPECT/PET Findings in Lewy Body Dementia.- Vascular Dementia.- Value of MIBG in the Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders.- PART III CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS: Perfusion Imaging in Healthy Human Ageing.- Carotid Plaque Imaging with SPECT/CT and PET/CT.- PET in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy.- PET Reveals Pathophysiology in Ischemic Stroke.- PART IV MOVEMENT DISORDERS: Parkinson's Disease.- Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease, Based on SPECT Scans of the Dopamine Transporter.- PET and SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes.- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- PET in Huntington Disease.- PET and SPECT Imaging in Dystonia.- PET and SPECT Imaging in Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders.- Clinical Applications of FP-CIT SPECT.- PART V INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS: PET Imaging of Microglia Activation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.- PET Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis.- PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurotoxicity.- PET and SPECT in Hepatic and Uremic Encephalopathy.- PART VI EPILEPSY: PET in Epilepsy.- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy.- SISCOM: Subtraction Ictal SPECT Coregistered to MRI.- PART VII TUMORS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Gliomas.- Neuro-SPECT of Brain Tumors.- Methionine-PET to Distinguish Tumor Recurrence from Radionecrosis.- Brain Metastases of Neuroendocrine Tumors.- PART VIII OTHER SUBJECTS: Anesthesia and PET of the Brain.- Altered States of Consciousness: Coma, Sleep and Hypnosis.- Modulation of CNS Functions by Deep Brain Stimulation: Insights Provided by Molecular Imaging.- Imaging in Pediatric Neurology.