Exploring the Effect of Retirement on Health in Japan (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 Introduction 10
1.1 The Aim of the Book 10
1.2 Aging and Institutional Settings in Japan 12
1.2.1 Rapid Aging Society 12
1.2.2 Public Pension System and Labor Policy 16
1.3 Analytical Framework: Economic Theory and Empirical Method 18
1.3.1 Theoretical Consideration 18
1.3.2 Empirical Method 21
1.4 Empirical Findings in the Previous Literature 23
1.4.1 Data in the Previous Literature 23
1.4.2 Definitions of Retirement 23
1.4.3 Effect on Health 24
1.5 Data and Variables Used in the Book 28
1.5.1 The Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons (LSMEP) 28
1.5.2 Health Measure 29
1.5.3 Retirement 30
1.5.4 Age Trajectory of Retirement and Health 30
1.5.5 Problem of Attrition 30
1.6 Conclusion 32
References 32
2 Short- and Long-Term Effects of Retirement on Health 36
2.1 Introduction 36
2.1.1 Effects of Retirement in the Short Term and Long Term 36
2.1.2 Overview of This Chapter 38
2.2 How Short- and Long-Term Effects Are Examined 39
2.2.1 Data and Variables 39
2.2.2 Health Change Comparison Before and After Retirement 41
2.2.3 Estimation Method 43
2.3 Average Effect of Retirement 44
2.3.1 Summary Statistics 44
2.3.2 Estimation Results of Average Effect of Retirement 45
2.4 Short- and Long-Term Effects of Retirement 47
2.4.1 Main Results 47
2.4.2 Estimation on Subsamples: Gender, Education, and Occupational Characteristics 50
2.5 Conclusion 54
References 55
3 Does Lifestyle Prior to Retirement Matter? 57
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 How to Estimate Different Effects of Retirement by Lifestyle Prior to Retirement 60
3.2.1 Data and Variables 60
3.2.2 Estimation Method 63
3.2.3 Health Trajectory by Lifestyle Before Retirement 63
3.3 Estimation Results 68
3.3.1 Estimation Based on Health Behavior 68
3.3.2 Estimation by Usual Activity 70
3.4 Conclusion 73
References 79
4 Effect of Retirement Timing on Health 81
4.1 Introduction 81
4.1.1 Delaying Retirement Timing 81
4.1.2 Retirement Timing and Health Outcomes 83
4.2 How the Effect of Retirement Timing Is Estimated 86
4.2.1 Data, Health Measures, and Instruments 86
4.2.2 Retirement 87
4.2.3 Estimation Method 87
4.3 Effects of Retirement Timing on Health 89
4.3.1 Main Results 89
4.3.2 Estimation on Subsamples: Gender, Education, and Occupational Characteristics 93
4.4 Conclusion 97
References 100
Epilogue 102