Methods in Disease

1. Attention to methodology: fundamental criteria for studies in gastroenterology; 2. Measurement of protein synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract; 3. Analytical subcellular fractionation; 4. Intestinal perfusion technique; 5. Assessing intestinal absorptive capacity and permeability in vivo; 6. Measurement of human intestinal secretion and absorption in vitro; 7. Ambulatory oesophageal and gastric pH monitoring; 8. Evaluation of cytokine profile in the gastrointestinal tract; 9. Ion transport in the gastrointestinal tract; 10. Motility measurements; 11. Helicobactor pylori: methods of detection and study; 12. Doppler sonography; 13. Techniques of endoscopic ultrasonography in investigating gastrointestinal pathologies and therapeutic options; 14. Metabolic studies on isolated intestinal tissue; 15. Fibre optic confocal imaging (foci) for in vivo subsurface microscopy of the colon; 16. Stable isotopes in the study of intestinal metabolism: digestion, absorption and intestinal nutrient metabolism; 17. Studying the basement membrane; 18. Lipid peroxidation measurement in gastrointestinal tissue; 19. Microdialysis as applied to the gastrointestinal tract; 20. Salivary secretion: investigative techniques; 21. Mesenteric lymph node studies; 22. Measuring cell proliferation; 23. Isolation of intestinal smooth muscle cells; 24. Use of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining techniques; 25. In situ hybridization techniques as applied to the gastrointestinal tract; 26. Diagnostic morphological methods: use of immunomorphological and enzymohistochemical methods for a single disease entity; 27. Immuno electron-microscopy in gastro-entero-pancreatic cells with reference to connexins 32 and 36; 28. Immunocytochemical investigation of paraffin-embedded tissue; 29. Fluorescent microscopy of immune cells in the Peyer's patches and small intestines in immunodeficiency; 30. Flow cytometry: clinical and experimental applications to intestinal pathologies; 31. Three dimensional analysis of epithelial cell proliferation; 32. In vitro uptake of nutrients by human duodenal biopsies with special reference to iron; 33. The future direction of pathology: personal perspectives.