Guidance Cues in the Developing Brain

Complex Patterns and Simple Architects: Molecular Guidance Cues for Developing Axonal Pathways in the Telencephalon.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Four Major Classes of Axonal Guidance Cues Are Netrins, Semaphorins, Slits, and Ephrins.- 3 Axonal Guidance Cues Display a Characteristic Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Expression in Embryonic and Fetal Zones of the Telencephalon.- 4 Guidance Cues Have Complementary and/or Overlapping Roles in the Establishment of Specific Axonal Pathways.- 5 Early Genes Involved in Regionalization and Areal Specification of the Cerebral Cortex Can Regulate the Pattern of Expression of Axonal Guidance Cues.- 6 Discussion and Conclusions.- Phosphorylation Pattern of tau Associated with Distinct Changes of the Growth Cone Cytoskeleton.- 1 Historical Note.- 2 Neuronal Cytoskeleton and Microtubule-Associated Proteins.- 3 Neuronal Growth Cone Composition and Translocation.- 4 tau Gene Organization and Regulation.- 5 Structure of tau Proteins.- 6 Post-Translational Modifications of tau Proteins.- 7 Subcellular Localization of tau.- 8 The Role of tau Phosphorylation in Establishment of Axonal Polarity.- 9 The Role of tau Phosphorylation in Axonal Outgrowth and Morphology.- Developmental Expression and Possible Roles of Gangliosides in Brain Development.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Gangliosides and Brain Development.- 3 Possible Functional Roles of Gangliosides in the Developing Nervous System.- Mannose-Binding Lectins in Cerebrum Development.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Evidence for the Presence of Central Nervous System Mannose-Binding Lectins.- 3 Degradation of the Accumulated Axonal Mannose-Rich Glycoproteins in the Target Neurones.- 4 Evidence for the Presence of Mannose-Binding Lectins in the Cerebrum.- 5 The Cerebellar Soluble Lectins.- 6 The Lectin R1.- 7 Conclusionsand Perspective.- Functional Role of Gangliosides in Neuronal Motility.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Gangliosides and Cell Motility.- 3 Gangliosides and Glial Guided Radial Migration.- 4 Gangliosides and Tangential Migration.- 5 Gangliosides and Neurite Outgrowth.- 6 Conclusion and Perspectives.- Myelin Molecules Limiting Nervous System Plasticity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Nogo.- 3 Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein.- 4 Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans.- 5 Myelin Vaccine.- 6 Signaling Pathways in the Inhibition of Nerve Regeneration.- 7 Concluding Remarks.