Aging

Harry R. Moody is a graduate of Yale University and received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia University. He has taught philosophy at Columbia University, Hunter College, New York University, and the University of California at Santa Cruz.  He recently retired as Vice President and Director of Academic Affairs for AARP in Washington, DC.  He is currently Visiting Professor at Tohoku University in Japan, and Distinguished Visiting Professor at Fielding Graduate University.  Dr. Moody previously served as Executive Director of the Brookdale Center on Aging at Hunter College and Chairman of the Board of Elderhostel (now Road Scholar). Moody is the author of over 100 scholarly articles, as well as a number of books including: Abundance of Life: Human Development Policies for an Aging Society (Columbia University Press, 1988) and Ethics in an Aging Society (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). His most recent book, The Five Stages of the Soul, was published by Doubleday Anchor Books and has been translated into seven languages worldwide.  He is the editor of a newsletter, "Human Values in Aging," reaching 10,000 subscribers each month. In 2011 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society on Aging and in 2008 he was named by Utne Reader Magazine as one of  “50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World.” Jennifer R. Sasser is Chair and Associate Professor in the Department of Human Sciences at Marylhurst University in Portland, Oregon, where she coordinates the gerontology program. She joined the Marylhurst faculty in 1997 and since that time has been involved in the design and implementation of many on-campus and Web-based courses and programs for adult learners, including the graduate and undergraduate certificate programs in gerontology. While conducting her doctoral work at Oregon State University, she was a graduate teaching and research fellow, as well as the first recipient of the AARP/Andrus Foundation Graduate Fellowship in Gerontology. Over the past 20 years, Dr. Sasser has studied and written about creativity in later life; older women’s embodiment; critical gerontological theory; and transformational adult learning practices. She served on the Oregon Gerontological Association Board of Directors starting in 2005 and was President of the Board for three years. In 2012, she received a Distinguished Teacher award from the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education.

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part 1: Basic Concepts I. A Life Course Perspective on Aging
Age Identification
The Stages of Life
The Life Course and Aging
Traditional Theories of Aging
Influences on the Life Course
Aging in the 21st Century
The Biology of Aging
Aging and Psychological Functioning
Conclusion
Chapter 1: Controversy 1. Does Old Age Have Meaning?
The Meaning of Age
Leisure Activities in Later Life
Religion and Spirituality
Gerontology and the Meaning of Age
Activity or Reflection?
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 2: Controversy 2. Why Do Our Bodies Grow Old?
The Process of Biological Aging
Biological Theories of Aging
Is Aging Inevitable?
Compression or Prolongation of Morbidity?
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 3: Controversy 3. Do Intelligence and Creativity Decline With Age?
Elements of Cognitive Function
The Classic Aging Pattern
Measures of Late-Life Intelligence
Studies of Age and Cognitive Function
Correlates of Cognitive Stability
Creativity in an Aging Population
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Part 2: Basic Concepts II. Aging, Health Care, and Society
The Challenge of Longevity
Epidemiology of Aging
Economics of Health Care
Long-Term Care
Self-Determined Death
Conclusion
Chapter 4: Controversy 4. Should We Ration Health Care for Older People?
Precedents for Health Care Rationing
The Justification for Age-Based Rationing
Rationing as a Cost-Saving Plan
The Impetus for Rationing
Cost Versus Age
Alternative Approaches to Rationing
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
The Debate Over Age-Based Rationing
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 5: Controversy 5. Should Families Provide for Their Own?
Aging and the American Family
Abandonment or Independence?
Family Responsibility
Medicaid and Long-Term Care
Financing Long-Term Care
Medicaid Planning
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 6: Controversy 6. Should Older People Be Protected From Bad Choices?
The Vulnerabilities of Older People
Interfering When People Make Bad Choices
Elder Abuse and Mistreatment
Perceptions of Quality of Life
Sexuality in Later Life
Crime and Older Adults
Intervention in the Lives of Vulnerable Older Adults
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 7: Controversy 7. Should People Have the Choice to End Their Lives?
Depression and Suicide
The “Right to Die”
Outlook for the Future
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Part 3: Basic Concepts III. Social and Economic Outlook for an Aging Society
The Varieties of Aging Experience
The Economic Status of Older Americans
Public Policy on Aging
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Controversy 8. Should Age or Need Be the Basis for Entitlement?
A Tale of Two Generations
Justice Between Generations
The Least-Advantaged Older Adults
Help for Those Most in Need
The Targeting Debate
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 9: Controversy 9. What Is the Future for Social Security?
Main Features of Social Security
Success—and Doubt
Pay as You Go
Social Security Trust Fund
Eligibility
Privatization
Women and Social Security
Debate Over Social Security
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 10: Controversy 10. Is Retirement Obsolete?
History of Retirement
Origins of Late-Life Leisure
Changes in the American Economy
A New View of Retirement
Debate Over Retirement Policy
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 11: Controversy 11. Aging Boomers: Boom or Bust?
Who Are the Boomers?
What Is a Generation? Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Social Construction of the Boomer Phenomenon
Boomers in the Years Ahead
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Chapter 12: Controversy 12. The New Aging Marketplace: Hope or Hype?
The New Customer Majority
Market Sectors Likely to Grow
What Do Older Consumers Want?
Limits of the Marketplace Model
Questions for Writing, Reflection, and Debate
Epilogue: Finding Your Place in an Aging Society
Appendix: Tips for Conducting Your Own Research in Gerontology
Glossary
Bibliography
Index