Essential Clinical Skills in Pediatrics (eBook)

Dr. Anwar Qais is a resident physician at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Basrah, Iraq. Graduating with distinction from the University of Basrah College of Medicine in 2013, he has been a member of the Iraqi Medical Association since 2015. Dr. Qais has published several medical articles, which have been cited by numerous national and international newspapers, websites, and satellite channels. In 2015, he served as a manager of Al-Mudaina District Primary Health Care Center. Dr. Qais has attended numerous conferences on Pediatrics and conducted academic presentations in the field of Pediatrics. Currently, he is pursuing a number of academic research projects and working on two books. In his free time, he enjoys reading, writing, and spending time with his family in Basrah.

ForewordPreface Part I History-Taking Skills and Symptomatology

1 Basics of History Taking

1.1           Introduction

1.2           Identity (patient demographics)

1.3           Chief Complaint(s) (presenting complaint)

1.4           History of Present Illness (history of presenting complaint)

1.5           Past History

1.5.1  Birth History

1.5.2  Past Medical and Surgical History

1.6           Medication History

1.7           Developmental History

1.8           Immunization History

1.9           Feeding/Dietary History

1.9.1     For an Infant

1.9.2     For an Older Child

1.10       Family History

1.11       Social History

1.12       Review of Systems (ROS)

 

2     History Taking of Common Pediatric Cases

 

2.1           Introduction

2.2           Dyspnea

2.3           Cyanosis

2.4           Cough

2.5           Wheezing

2.6           Stridor

2.7           Chest Pain

2.8           Syncope

2.9           Sore Throat

2.10       Ear Pain

2.11       Abdominal Pain

2.12       Vomiting

2.13       Acute Diarrhea

2.14       Chronic Diarrhea

2.15       Constipation

2.16       Upper-Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2.17       Lower-Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2.18       Jaundice

2.19       Hematuria

2.20       Edema

2.21       Polyuria and Urinary Frequency

2.22       Diabetic Ketoacidosis

2.23       Failure to Thrive

2.24       Headache

2.25       Seizure

2.26       Lower-Limb Weakness

2.27       Coma and Confusion

2.28       Skin Rash

2.29       Fever

2.30       Pallor

2.31       Bleeding and Bruising

2.32       Joint Pain

Part II Examination of the Newborn and Older Child

3        Examination of the Newborn

3.1        Introduction

3.2        Initial Brief Examination after Birth

3.2.1 Apgar Score

3.3        Routine Examination of the Newborn Infant

3.3.1     General Observation and Assessment

3.3.2     Skin

3.3.3     Head and Face

3.3.4     Neck

3.3.5     Arms and Hands

3.3.6     Chest

3.3.7     Heart

3.3.8     Abdomen

3.3.9     Genitalia and Anus

3.3.10 Legs and Feet

3.3.11 Neurologic Examination

3.3.12 Spine and Sacrum

3.3.13 Hips

3.3.14 Completing the Examination

 

4        Examination of the Older Child

4.1        Introduction

4.2        General Inspection

4.3        Assessment of Hydration Status

4.4        Assessment of Nutritional Status

4.5        Anthropometric Measures (growth parameters)

4.5.1     Weight

4.5.2     Length or Height

4.5.3     Head Circumference

4.5.4     Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

4.5.5     Body Mass Index

4.5.6     Growth Charts

4.6        Vital Signs

4.6.1  Pulse Rate (heart rate)

4.6.2  Respiratory Rate

4.6.3  Temperature

4.6.4  Blood Pressure

4.7        Examination of the Skin, Hair, and Nails

4.7.1     Skin Examination

4.7.2     Hair Examination

4.7.3     Nails Examination

4.8        Examination of the Head, Face, and Neck

4.8.1  Head Examination

4.8.2  Face Examination

4.8.3  Neck Examination

4.9        Cardiovascular System Examination

4.9.1  General Physical Examination

4.9.2  Examination of the Precordium

4.10    Respiratory System Examination

4.10.1 General Physical Examination

4.10.2 Examination of the Chest

4.11    Gastrointestinal System Examination

4.11.1 General Physical Examination

4.11.2 Examination of the Abdomen

4.11.3 Further Examination

4.12    Examination of the Child’s Genitalia

4.12.1 Male Genital Examination

4.12.2 Female Genital Examination

4.13    Reticuloendothelial System Examination

4.14    Examination of the Nervous System

4.14.1 General Physical Examination

4.14.2 Mental Status Examination

4.14.3 Cranial Nerves Examination

4.14.4 Motor System Examination

4.14.5 Sensory System Examination

4.14.6 Reflexes and Clonus

4.14.7 Coordination and Cerebellar Signs

4.15    Musculoskeletal System Examination

4.15.1 General Physical Examination

4.15.2 Examination of the Joints

Appendix

Index