Practical Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

About the Editors GEORGE GERSHMAN, MD, PHD, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine. Chief, Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California. MIKE THOMSON, MBChB, DCH, FRCP, FRCPCH, MD, Professor of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Director of the International Academy for Paediatric Endoscopy Training, Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Haepatology, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Personal statements ix

Contributors xvii

About the Companion Website xxiii

Part One Pediatric Endoscopy Setting 1

1 Introduction 3
George Gershman and Mike Thomson

2 History of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy 5
Samy Cadranel, Jean-François Mougenot, and Douglas S. Fishman

3 The endoscopy unit 11
Harpreet Pall

4 Pediatric procedural sedation and general anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy 15
Tom Kallay, Rok Orel, and Jernej Brecelj

5 Pediatric endoscopy training and ongoing assessment 23
Catharine M. Walsh, Looi Ee, Mike Thomson, and Jenifer R. Lightdale

6 Recertification and revalidation as concepts in pediatric endoscopy 31
Priya Narula and Mike Thomson

7 The role of the Global Rating Scale in pediatric endoscopy 33
Priya Narula and Mike Thomson

8 Quality indicators as a critical part of pediatric endoscopy provision 37
Priya Narula and Mike Thomson

9 e-learning in pediatric endoscopy 41
Claudio Romano and Mike Thomson

Part Two Diagnostic Pediatric Endoscopy 43

10 Indications for gastrointestinal endoscopy in childhood 45
Dalia Belsha, Jerome Viala, George Gershman, and Mike Thomson

11 Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 53
George Gershman and Mike Thomson

12 Pediatric ileocolonoscopy 77
George Gershman and Mike Thomson

13 Handling of specimens and orientation of biopsies 113
Marta C. Cohen and Paul Arnold

14 Enteroscopy 117
Mike Thomson and Arun Urs

15 Wireless capsule endoscopy 129
Mike Thomson

16 Endoscopic ultrasonography 141
Simona Faraci, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Paola de Angelis, and Douglas S. Fishman

17 Chromoendoscopy 157
Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone

18 Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders 167
Mike Thomson and Krishnappa Venkatesh

19 High-risk pediatric endoscopy 175
Jenifer R. Lightdale, Mike Thomson, and Douglas S. Fishman

Part Three Pediatric GI Pathologies and the Role of Endoscopy in Their Management 183

20 Esophagitis 185
Mário C. Vieira, Luciana B. Mendez Ribeiro, and Sabine Krüger Truppel

21 Eosinophilic esophagitis 195
Calies Menard-Katcher, Glenn T. Furuta, and Robert E. Kramer

22 Gastritis and gastropathy 201
Shishu Sharma and Mike Thomson

23 Celiac disease 207
Alina Popp, Vasile Daniel Balaban, and Markku Mäki

24 Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease including scoring systems 213
Salvatore Oliva, Mike Thomson, David Wilson, and Dan Turner

Part Four Therapeutic Pediatric Endoscopy 221

25 Endoscopic management of esophageal strictures 223
Michael Manfredi, Frederick Gottrand, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Mike Thomson, George Gershman, Antonio Quiros, and Thierry Lamireau

26 Endoscopic management of caustic ingestion 235
Erasmo Miele and Samy Cadranel

27 Pneumatic balloon dilation and peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia 241
Valerio Balassone, Mike Thomson, and George Gershman

28 Endoscopic approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease 249
Mike Thomson and Chris Fraser

29 Foreign body ingestion 261
Raoul Furlano, George Gershman, and Jenifer R. Lightdale

30 Non-variceal endoscopic hemostasis 269
George Gershman, Jorge H. Vargas, and Mike Thomson

31 Variceal endoscopic hemostasis 279
Patrick McKiernan, Lauren Johanson, and Mike Thomson

32 Endoscopic approach to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding lesions 287
Natalia Nedelkopoulou, Sara Isoldi, Dalia Belsha, and Mike Thomson

33 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 295
Natalie Bhesania, Mike Thomson, and Marsha Kay

34 Single-stage percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 305
Andreia Nita, Jorge Amil-Dias, Arun Urs, Mike Thomson, and Prithviraj Rao

35 Pediatric laparoscopic-assisted direct percutaneous jejunostomy 317
Mike Thomson, Jonathan Goring, Richard Lindley, and Sean Marven

36 Naso-jejunal and Gastro-jejunal tube placement 323
George Gershman

37 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 325
Douglas S. Fishman, Paola de Angelis, Luigi Dall'Oglio, and Victor Fox

38 Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts 343
Mike Thomson

39 Duodenal web division by endoscopy 347
Mike Thomson, Shishu Sharma, Filippo Torroni, and Jonathan Goring

40 Polypectomy 351
George Gershman, Mike Thomson, and Gabor Veres

41 Endomucosal resection 361
Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone

42 Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes 371
Warren Hyer, Mike Thomson, and Thomas Attard

43 Transnasal gastrointestinal endoscopy 377
Sara Koo, Kristina Leinwand, Simon Panter, and Joel A. Friedlander

44 Endoscopic bariatric approaches 387
Mike Thomson and Matjaz Homan

45 Over-the-scope clip and full-thickness resection device 393
Mike Thomson

46 Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bezoars 397
Andreia Nita and Mike Thomson

47 Natural orifice transendoluminal surgery 401
Mike Thomson

Index 403