Oncoimmunology (eBook)

Laurence Zitvogel, MD, PhD (Tumor Immunology), PU-PH Faculty Paris Sud, University Paris XI (Clinical Biology), graduated in Medical Oncology from the School of Medicine of the University of Paris in 1992. Dr. Zitvogel started her scientific career at the University of Pittsburgh in Michael Lotze’s laboratory. She subsequently became Research Director at Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale U1015 and is currently Professor of Immunology/Biology at the University of Paris Medical School and Scientific Director of the Immuno-Oncology programme at Institut Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France), the largest cancer center in Europe. She has made very important contributions to the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and has brought together basic and translational research, including the design of cancer therapies, through combined animal studies and phase I/II patient trials. She pioneered the concept of immunogenic cell death and her team discovered the critical role and impact of gut microbiota in cancer immunosurveillance and therapies. She has received many awards, including the INSERM Prize for Translational Research and The Charles Rodolphe Brupbacher Prize for Cancer Research 2017.   Guido Kroemer obtained his MD in 1985 from the University of Innsbruck (Austria) and his PhD in molecular biology in 1992 from the Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain). He is currently a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Paris Descartes/Paris V, Director of the INSERM Unit “Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity”, Director of the Metabolomics and Cell Biology platforms of the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (Villejuif-Grand Paris), and a practitioner at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris. He is also Director of the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI) and the LabEx “Immuno-Oncology”. He is best known for the discoveries that mitochondrial membrane permeabilization constitutes a decisive step in regulated cell death; that autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism with lifespan-extending effects; and that anticancer therapies are successful only if they stimulate tumor-targeting immune responses. He has received a number of awards, including the Descartes Prize of the European Union, the Dautrebande Prize (Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine), the Léopold Griffuel Prize (French Association for Cancer Research), and The 2017 Charles Rodolphe Brupbacher Prize for Cancer Research.  

Fundamental bases: Immunology for the non immunologist: Cellular and molecular bases of cancer immunosurveillance.- Innate immunity/NK in cancer immunosurveillance.- Biology of regulatory T cells.- Adenosine, P2R receptors.-Plasmacytoid DC dysfunctions in cancer.-  Chemotherapy and MDSC.- Biology of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells.- T cell fitness/polarization for antitumor immune responses.- Tumor associated antigens and neoantigens.- Tumor associated antigens and neoantigens.- Immunization with peptides.- Immunogenic cell death and chemotherapy.- Breakthrough or advanced status of  approaches: Cancer vaccines in HPV malignancies.- Innate sensing of tumors and TLR agonists.- DC-based cancer vaccines in melanoma.- DC-based vaccines in breast cancer.- T cell-based immunotherapies : CAR-T and TCR engineered T cells.-IDO and TDO-based inhibition in cancer. - FDA-EMA approval of I-O: Tumor-specific antibodies.- Anti-CTLA4 Abs.- Bispecific anti-CD3xCD19 antibodies.- Combination of ICB in MM.- Oncolytic viruses.- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and mycobacterial cell wall nucleic acid complexes in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer .- The immunoscore.- PDL-1 and other immunological diagnosis tools.- Developping fields: The development of anti-41BB, Lag3, Anti-OX40, anti-ICOS, anti-GITR Ab.- mRNA-based vaccination.- Links between tumor genetics and immunotherapy.- Local immunotherapies of cancer.- Preventive DC-based cancer vaccines.- Gut microbiota/oncomicrobiotics in cancer therapeutics.- Strategies to reduce intratumoral Treg.- Cold versus hot tumors.- Immunopathology : an emerging field.- Changes in Clinical Practice: Side effects of I-O.- The clinical armamentarium in melanoma.- The clinical armamentarium in kidney cancers.- The clinical armamentarium in lung cancers.- The clinical armamentarium in prostate cancers.- Challenges of O-I for breast, ovarian, and non MSI colon cancers.- Challenges in colon cancers.- Current status of O-I in hematologic malignancies.- Glioma and I-O.- Assessing affinity and avidity of TCRs.- Immunomonitoring studies.