Endoscopic Diagnosis of the Female Lower Urinary Tract

Historical Perspective. Instrumentation for Cystourethroscopy. Diagnostic Cystourethroscopy. Irritative Voiding Symptoms. Urinary Incontinence. Hematuria. Urinary Tract Fistula. Perioperative Evaluation of Vesical and Ureteral Integrity. Operative Cystourethroscopy. Periurethral Injections for Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency. Appendix 1: Normal Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract. Appendix 2: Non-Pathologic Abnormalities of the Lower Urinary Tract. Appendix 3: Inflammatory Changes of Lower Urinary Tract. Appendix 4: Lower Urinary Tract Pathology Associated with Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Appendix 5: Mucosal Abnormalities of the Lower Urinary Tract Associated with Hematuria. Appendix 6: Fistulas of the Lower Urinary Tract. Appendix 7: Operative Cystoscopy. Appendix 8: Periurethral Injections.