Industrial Hygiene Simplified (eBook)

Frank R. Spellman, PhD, is a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, and the author of more than 109 books covering topics ranging from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to all areas of environmental science and occupational health. Many of his texts are readily available online, and several have been adopted for classroom use at major universities throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, and Russia; two have been translated into Spanish for South American marketsHe holds a BA in public administration, a BS in business management, an MBA, and an MS and PhD in environmental engineering.

Occupational Safety and Health Simplified for the Industrial WorkplaceFrank R. SpellmanTABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionChapter 1Occupational Safety and Health PracticeThe Occupational Safety and Health ProfessionalMajor Accident and DisastersRegulatory InfluenceOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970OSHA StandardsGeneral Duty Clause of the OSH ActFinal Note on Standards, Regulations, Laws, and RulesThe Organization's Safety Policy—The Ticket to RideWorkplace Safety and Health Provisions: The Legal RamificationsCase Study 1.1: A Stitch in TimeEmployee TrainingContractor TrainingThe Host-Contractor Safety InterfaceCase Study 1.2The Bottom Line on Occupational Safety and Health in IndustrySignal WordsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 2Safety and Health Terminology and Hispanic OutreachSafety and Health TerminologyDefining AccidentTerminologyHispanic OutreachHispanic Outreach ToolsEnglish To Spanish OSHA DictionaryReference and Recommended ReadingChapter 3Regulatory RequirementsThat Knock at the DoorWe Love to Hate Rules and RegulationsWorkers' CompensationWorkers' Compensation FraudTitle 29OSH Act EnforcementReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 4 Occupational Safety and Health ManagementManagement Aspects of Hazard AvoidanceThe Right WayHazard Avoidance ConceptsEnforcement ApproachPsychological ApproachEngineering ApproachAnalytical ApproachHazard AnalysisHazard AssessmentAccident InvestigationThe Accident Investigation ProcessStatisticsBehavior-Based ModelsBenchmarkingBenchmarking: The ProcessTotal Quality Management (TQM)The Bottom LineReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 5Industrial Hygiene Concepts; Including Ventilation and Noise ControlsIndustrial HygieneWorkplace StressorsIndustrial ToxicologyIndustrial Health HazardsControl MethodsEngineering ControlsVentilationConcepts of VentilationLocal Exhaust VentilationGeneral and Dilution VentilationIndustrial Noise ControlDetermining Workplace Noise LevelsEngineering Controls for Industrial NoiseIndustrial Vibration ControlAdministrative ControlsPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)References and Recommended ReadingChapter 6Worker Right-To-KnowA Failure to CommunicateBetter Communication with GHS for Worker Safety and HealthPhase-In Period for the Hazard Communication StandardMajor Changes to the Hazard Communication StandardClassificationLabel Changes Under the Revised HCSSDS Changes under the Revised HCSHazCom and the Occupational Safety and Health ProfessionalDefinition of HazCom TermsHazCom Audit ItemsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 7Emergency Response and Process SafetyOSHA and Emergency ResponseEmergency Response PlanTypical Contents of an Emergency Response PlanProcess Safety Management and Risk Management PlanningProcess Safety Management (PSM)PSM DefinitionsHow the Standard Works; Its ApplicationSpecific PSM RequirementsA Final Word on PSMRisk Management PlanningHazard AssessmentPrevention ProgramResponse ProgramRMP Definitions and RequirementsRMP Program LevelsRMP and PSM: The Similarities RMP and PSM: The DifferencesSummary of RMP RequirementsThe Bottom LineReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 8Industrial Facility DesignThe Safe and Healthy WorkplaceCodes and StandardsPlant LayoutIlluminationHigh Hazard Potential Work AreasLoad-Bearing ComponentsBeamsFloorsColumnsLaddersPersonal and Sanitation FacilitiesEmergency Eyewash/ShowersIndustrial Workplace Safety and Health ChecklistReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 9Ergonomics and Manual LiftingElements of an Ergonomics ProgramHazard Identification, Prevention, and ControlManagement Commitment and Employee ParticipationMedical ManagementProgram EvaluationTrainingBack Injury PreventionCauses of Back InjuriesControlling On-The-Job Back InjuriesBiomechanical ApproachesPhysiological and Psychological ApproachesPreventionAdministrative ControlsEngineering ControlsWhen to Employ Administrative and Engineering ControlsLower Back Pain and StandingFinal ThoughtsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 10Toxic Substances and Hazardous WastesFundamental Toxicology for the Industrial WorkplaceThe Chemical World We Live InSick WaterToxicology and RiskToxicological TermsOther Pertinent Toxicological DefinitionsClassification of Toxic AgentsSignificant Chemical and Biological Toxins and EffectsFactors Affecting ToxicityClassification of Toxic MaterialsTarget Systems/Organs Commonly Affected by ToxinsCarcinogens, Mutagens, and TeratogensRisk AssessmentWhat Is Risk?Hazardous Waste HandlingAmerica: A Throwaway SocietyWhat is a Hazardous Substance?Hazardous MaterialHazardous SubstancesExtremely Hazardous SubstancesToxic ChemicalsHazardous ChemicalsHazardous WastesEPA-Listed Hazardous WastesWhere Do Hazardous Wastes Come From?Hazardous Waste LegislationResource Conservation and Recovery ActCERCLAOSHA’s Hazardous Waste StandardHazardous Waste Safety ProgramReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 11Noise ControlOSHA's Hearing Conservation RequirementsOccupational Noise ExposureHearing Conservation: The Written ProgramMonitoring: Sound Level SurveyAudiometric TestingHearing ProtectionTrainingSafe Work PracticesRecordkeepingAdministrative and Engineering ControlsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 12Fire, Welding, and Hot Work SafetyFire SafetyOSHA and Fire SafetyFire Prevention and ControlFire Protection Using Fire ExtinguishersFlammable and Combustible LiquidsWelding Safety ProgramsGeneral Welding SafetyFire Prevention and Protection: Welding Safety Program ElementsManagers and SupervisorsPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Other ProtectionRailing and Welding CableEye ProtectionProtective ClothingConfined SpacesVentilation and Health ProtectionArc Welding SafetySafe Work Practice: Arc WeldingGas Welding and Cutting SafetySafe Work Practice: Gas Welding and CuttingCutting SafetyHot Work Permit ProcedureFire Watch RequirementsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 13 PPE, First Aid, and Thermal HazardsPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)Case Study 13.1OSHA's PPE StandardOSHA's PPE RequirementsHazard Assessment and PPEPPE Training RequirementRespiratory ProtectionRespirators DefinedRespiratory Protection ProgramResponsibilitiesDefinition of TermsTypes of RespiratorsChemical Cartridge RespiratorsAirline Respirators (Helmets, Hoods, and Masks), Cascade-fed, or Compressor-fedSelf-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Respirator Selection and Distribution ProceduresRespirator Inspection, Maintenance, Cleaning, and StorageInspectionMaintenanceCleaningStorageRespirator Fit-TestingMedical SurveillanceTrainingDocumentation ProceduresRespirator Program EvaluationFirst Aid in the WorkplaceThermal HazardsThermal ComfortThe Body's Response to HeatHeat DefinitionsHeat Disorders and Health EffectsHeat StrokeHeat ExhaustionHeat CrampsHeat FlashesHeat FatigueCold HazardsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 14Confined Space EntryOSHA's Confined Space Entry ProgramConfined Space Entry: DefinitionsEvaluating the WorkplaceThe Permit-Required Confined Space Written ProgramPermit-Required Confined Space Entry: EquipmentTesting and Monitoring EquipmentVentilating EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)LightingBarriers and ShieldsIngress and Egress Equipment: LaddersRescue EquipmentOther EquipmentPre-Entry RequirementsPermit SystemPermit RequirementsConfined Space TrainingTraining Requirement for Confined Space EntryWorkplace Confined Space Training ProgramConfined Space Certification ExamAssignment of On-Site Personnel Duties of Authorized EntrantsDuties of the AttendantDuties of Entry SupervisorsConfined Space RescueRescue ServicesRescue Service Provided by Outside ContractorsNon-Entry RescueAlternative Protection MethodsHierarchy of Permit-Required Confined Space EntryProcedures for Atmospheric TestingTesting ProceduresAir Monitoring and OSHAOther OSHA Permit-Required Confined Space Audit ItemsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 15Lockout/TagoutOSHA's Lockout/TagoutLockout/Tagout Key DefinitionsLockout/Tagout Procedure (A Sample)Special Conditions: Logout/Tagout Removal when Authorized Employee Is AbsentMethods of Informing Outside Contractors of ProceduresReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 16Electrical SafetyControl of Electrical HazardsGrounding and BondingGrounding and Bonding RequirementsSummary of Safety Precautions for Electrical CircuitsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 17Fall ProtectionFall Protection: Defining the ProblemPhysical Factors at Work in a FallSlips: Falls on the Same LevelTrips: Falls on the same LevelStair Falls: Falls on One of More LevelsElevated Falls: Falls from One Level to AnotherFall Protection MeasuresFall Protection PolicyReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 18Pressure Vessel SafetyHigh Pressure or Low Pressure: Just as DeadlyWhat Is a Pressure Vessel?OSHA RequirementsPressure DefinitionsPressure Vessel Safety ProgramControlsWritten Safe Work PracticesTrainingProof TestingPressure Relief SystemsRequired InspectionsPressure Vessel Safety Factor/MarginReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 19Rigging and Material Handling SafetyRigging SafetyWritten Rigging Safety ProgramFundamental Engineering Concepts for RiggingResolution of ForcesSlingsRated Sling LoadsInclined PlaneSafety: Ropes, Slings, ChainsRigging Equipment and Attachment: GeneralRope SlingsWire RopeChains and Chain SlingsTrainingProof Testing Rigging EquipmentInspectionsSafe Work PracticesReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 20Radiation SafetyRadiation Safety in the WorkplaceComplying with OSHA's Radiation Safety RequirementsControlsTrainingReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 21Machine GuardingPurpose of Machine GuardingBasics of Safeguarding MachinesSafeguarding DefinedTypes of Machine Safeguards Required Mechanical Hazards: Motions and ActionsCommon Safeguarding MethodsGuardsDevicesFeeding and Ejection MethodsSafeguarding by Location/DistanceMiscellaneous Safeguarding AccessoriesSafe Work PracticesSafe Work Practices: Machine GuardingTraining, Enforcement, and InspectionsMachine Hazard WarningsEmployee Clothing and JewelryLockout/TagoutReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 22Worksite SecuritySafety and Upgrading SecurityWhat Not to Do: Judge by AppearancesWhat to Do: The Threat Assessment TeamHazard AssessmentWorkplace Security AnalysisWorkplace SurveyWhat to Implement: Hazard Control and PreventionBuildings, Workstations, and AreasSecurity EquipmentWork Practice Controls and ProceduresDon't Be A StrangerChecklist Questions for Industrial FacilitiesIs Your Current System Adequate?Security and the Industrial SettingWhat Does Facility and Security Entail?Good Fences Makes Good Neighbors Protection from TheftProtection of Equipment and DataProtection from HarmReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 23 Violence in the Industrial WorkplaceMedia-Intensive EventsCase Study 23.1: An Obsession with LindaWhat is Workplace Violence?Why Does Workplace Violence Occur?What to DoReporting Workplace ViolencePreventing Potential ProblemsConflict ResolutionEarly Warning SignalsProtecting Personnel: Control for Workplace ViolenceIs Your Facility Safe and Secure?Recommended Personal Safe Work Practices for External ViolenceReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 24Record keepingToo Many Is not Always EnoughOSHA-200/300 LogTraining and Inspection RecordsMedical Records and Other OSHA-Required RecordsThe Bottom LineReferences and Recommended ReadingAppendix: Sample Confined Space Certification Exam