A History of Endocrinology

Section I: The History.- 1 Prehistoric Times.- 2 The Ancient Chinese.- 3 The Egyptians.- 4 The Hindus.- 5 The Jews and the Bible.- 6 The Greeks.- Before Hippocrate.- The age of Hippocrates.- Aristotle.- The Alexandrian school.- 7 The Graeco-Roman Period (156Bc-576Ad).- 8 The Byzantine Period (395-1453Ad).- 9 Evidence of Endocrine Disorders on other Prehistoric and Ancient Communities.- 10 L'envoy to the Ancients.- The oldest key to the endocrine treasure trove: the testicles.- 11 The Mediaeval Scene.- Arabic and Judaeo-Arabic medicine (732-1096AD).- Al-Razi = Rhazes (860-932AD).- Ali ihn Abbas, also a Persian, died in 994AD.- Ibn Sina or Avicenna (980-1037AD).- Other physicians of the Eastern (Baghdad) Caliphate.- Albucasim, called Albucasis (1013-1106AD).- Avenzoar of Cordoba (died 1162AD).- The Rabbi Moses ben Maimon called Moses Maimonides (1135-1204AD).- Abu Mansur Muwaffak Bin Ali Harawi (ca. 970AD).- The Chinese agai.- The barrenness of mediaeval medicine in the Wes.- 12 The 16th Century and the Renaissance.- The Anatomists.- 13 The 17th Century and the Microscopists.- The Microscopists.- 14 The 18th Century and the Beginning of The 19th Century.- Theophile de Bordeu.- Albrecht von Haller.- The thyroid.- Precocious puberty.- The thyroid (continued).- Joseph Lieutaud.- Portal circulations.- The thyroid.- Astley Cooper.- Thomas Wilkinson King.- Astley Cooper (continued).- Diseases of the testes.- Diseases of the breast.- Endemic goitre and cretinism.- The pituitary gland.- Diabetes.- Diabetes insipidus.- Diabetes mellitus.- The thymus.- The adrenals.- The spermatozoa.- Lazzaro Spallanzani.- The ovum.- The discovery of iodine.- Toxic effects of iodine.- Surgical treatment of goitre.- John and William Hunter.- John Hunter and Berthold's transplant experiments.- The effect of removing one ovary.- 'Pigeon's milk' (andprolactin).- An eye-witness account of Hunter's experiments.- Thefreemartin.- 15 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part I.- Berthold.- The year 1855.- The thyroid.- The ovum, the sperm, fertilization and genetics.- The pancreas and parathyroids.- 16 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part II.- Brown-Sequard again and his organotherapy - Murray.- Britain.- America.- The pituitary gland: Pierre Marie and acromegaly, 1886.- Diseases of the pituitary.- More about the pituitary.- Discovery of a specific physiological response to adrenal extract.- On internal secretions.- Hormones.- 17 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part III.- Contraception.- Infertility and the menstrual cycle.- More reproductive physiology.- New syndromes.- 18 The Troubled and Exciting Years of the First Four Decades of the 20th Century - Part I.- The period of the drought and of the crisis.- The position in Britain.- 'Crisis' in Spain.- Reproductive physiology.- Oestrin.- Progesterone.- Androgens.- Ambivalence of sexuality.- The gonadotropins of the anterior pituitary.- Neuro-endocrinology.- Thyroxin(e).- (Sir) Charles Robert Harington.- 19 The First Four Decades of the 20th Century - Part II.- Interlude: Contraception in the 1920s and 1930s.- The story of insulin.- Glucagon.- The constitutional factor.- The adrenal cortex.- The posterior pituitary gland.- The pineal.- The parathyroids.- New syndromes.- 20 The Americans.- Walter Bradford Cannon.- Harvey Williams Cushing.- David Marine.- John Jacob Abel.- Edward Calvin Kendall.- Philip Edward Smith.- Herbert McLean Evans.- Fuller Albright.- Other American endocrinologists.- Discussion on the 'Age of the Pill', the present main method of contraception.- 21 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part I.- General trends and achievements.- Remarks on tests and measurements in some endocrine conditions.- Tests oj thyroid junction.- Investigation of dysfunction of the parathyroid glands.- Disorders of hypothalamus and of the pituitary.- Tests concerning gonadal junction.- Investigating the function of the adrenals.- Tests for aldosterone.- Dysfunction of the adrenal medulla.- Techniques in endocrine research.- Structure of the hormones.- Mechanism of hormonal action.- Immunophysiology and pathology in endocrine disorders.- 22 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part II.- Rhythm in the physiology and pathology of endocrine secretion.- New hormones.- The kidney hormones.- Growth hormone.- Prolactin.- Gut hormones.- Prostaglandins.- Hypothalamic factors and other neurosecretory substances.- Anorexia nervosa.- Interlude - The psychology of teams.- The hormones of the hypothalamus (continued).- 23 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part III.- Occupational endocrinology: Development of a new subspecialty.- Advances in treatment (since 1940).- General considerations.- The thyroid.- The adrenals.- The pituitary gland.- Treatment of infertility due to irreversible blockage of the Fallopian tubes by extracorporeal fertilization.- Diabetes mellitus.- Treatment of diabetes insipidus.- Calcitonin and the treatment of Paget's disease.- Sexual behaviour and the sex hormones.- Section II: Biographies.- Section II: Biographies.- Chronological Tables.- Postscript.- Name Index.