Corneal Cross-Linking

Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD, was born in 1967 and grew up in Fribourg, Switzerland. He studied medicine in Fribourg and Berne.Farhad Hafezi fluently speaks German (mother tongue), English, French, Polish, and Farsi. He is married to Nikki Hafezi and has three daughters, Leilah Alina (2008), Lilian Malaya (2010), and Lola Alexandra (2016). Professor Hafezi’s clinical focus are the cornea and complication management after complicated refractive laser surgery. Being part of the team around Theo Seiler that translated cross-linking from experimental research into the clinical application, he was instrumental in implementing corneal cross-linking technology in ophthalmology. From 2010 to 2014, Farhad Hafezi was Professor and Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Currently, Dr. Hafezi holds the following positions: Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology USC Los Angeles, USA; Medical Director, The ELZA Institute, Zürich, Switzerland; Research Group Leader, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zürich, Switzerland; and Visiting Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Wenzhou, China. As of March 2017, Professor Hafezi has published more than 160 scientific articles, his scientific work has been cited more than 5700 times, his total impact factor is 510, and his h-index is 39. He is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Refractive Surgery and is on the Editorial Boards of TVST, the International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Disease, Eye and Vision and the Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. Professor Hafezi is also a member of the Advisory Board of “Global ONE,” the educational network of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). Professor Hafezi has received 22 national and international awards and distinctions, both for his scientific work and for the development of new technologies (innovation awards). Awards include, among others, the ARVO Foundation/Carl Camras Translational Research Award (USA) 2014, as well as the highest distinctions in ophthalmology from Switzerland and Belgium. In 2014, Professor Hafezi was voted by peers onto the “PowerList,” a list of the 100 most influential international personalities in ophthalmology. In April 2016, he was again voted onto the PowerList. For more information, please visit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhad_Hafezi or http://www.elza-institute.com J. Bradley Randleman, MD, is Professor of Ophthalmology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and Director of the Cornea & Refractive Surgery Service at the USC Roski Eye Institute in Los Angeles, California. A widely respected cornea specialist, his areas of expertise include: corneal and intraocular refractive surgical procedures including LASIK and premium laser-assisted cataract and IOL surgery, complicated cataract surgery, and the management of corneal ectatic disorders. His primary research focuses on identification and management of corneal ectatic diseases including keratoconus and postoperative ectasia after LASIK, and the avoidance, diagnosis, and management of refractive surgical complications. Dr. Randleman received his BA degree from Columbia College at Columbia University in New York City, his M.D. degree from Texas Tech University School of Medicine in Lubbock, Texas, where he was elected to the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society in his junior year, followed by his Ophthalmology residency at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Randleman joined the Emory faculty and served as Assistant Residency Director for two years while also completing a fellowship in Cornea/External Disease, and Refractive Surgery at Emory University. He served as Director of the Emory Corneal Fellowship program until taking over as Director of the Cornea Service. Dr. Randleman has been awarded the Claus Dohlman Fellow Award, the inaugural Binkhorst Young Ophthalmologist Award from the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, the Kritzinger Memorial Award, the Inaugural ISRS Recognition Award, the Secretariat Award, Achievement Award, and Senior Achievement Award from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Dr. Randleman has served as Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Refractive Surgery since 2011. He has authored more than 120 peer-reviewed publications in leading ophthalmology journals in addition to 30 book chapters on refractive surgery evaluation, corneal cross-linking, and management of complications with IOLs, and has authored two additional textbooks, Refractive Surgery: An Interactive Case-Based Approach (2014), and Intraocular Lens Surgery: Selection, Complications, and Complex Cases.

Dedication About the EditorsAbout the Associate Editor Contributing Authors Foreword by Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Theo Seiler, MD, PhDIntroduction Section I Basic Principles of Corneal Biomechanics and Corneal Cross-Linking Chapter 1 History of Corneal Cross-Linking Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Chapter 2 Introduction to Corneal Biomechanics William J. Dupps Jr, MD, PhD Chapter 3 Fundamental Principles of Corneal Cross-Linking Gregor Wollensak, MD Chapter 4 Riboflavin, Ultraviolet Light, and the Photochemical ReactionArie L. Marcovich, MD, PhD, and Alexander Brandis, PhD Chapter 5 The Role of Oxygen in Corneal Cross-Linking Olivier Richoz, MD, PhD; Sabine Kling, PhD; and Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD Chapter 6 Cross-Linking Initiated by Other Chromophores and by Multiphoton Excitation Irene Kochevar, PhD Chapter 7 Corneal Cross-Linking Safety Considerations Christina Giannikas Starcic, MD; Leejee H. Suh, MD; and Stephen L. Trokel, MD Chapter 8 Molecular Aspects of Corneal Cross-LinkingRohit Shetty, FRCS, PhD; Natasha Kishore Pahuja, DOMS; and Harsha Nagaraja, MS, FCE Chapter 9 Evaluation and Diagnosis of Keratoconus and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration Marcony R. Santhiago, MD, PhD; Yaron S. Rabinowitz, MD; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 10 Evaluation and Diagnosis of Postoperative Corneal Ectasia J. Bradley Randleman, MD; Maria A. Woodward, MD, MS; and Marcony R. Santhiago, MD, PhD Section II Corneal Cross-Linking for Corneal Ectasias Chapter 11 Corneal Cross-Linking for Progressive KeratoconusTobias Koller, MD; Stefan Seiler, MD; and Theo Seiler, MD, PhD Chapter 12 Corneal Cross-Linking for Postoperative Corneal EctasiaDavid Tabibian, MD, and Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD Chapter 13 Corneal Cross-Linking for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration Leopoldo Spadea, MD, and Roberto Secondi, MD Section III Corneal Cross-Linking Protocols and Complication Management Chapter 14 The Standard Protocol and Its Parameters Maria A. Woodward, MD, MS; David L. DeMill, MD; Francis W. Price Jr, MD; and Marianne O. Price, PhD, MBA Chapter 15 Corneal Cross-Linking Using Accelerated Protocols George D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Konstantinos I. Tsoulnaras, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Chapter 16 Epithelium-On Protocols: Conceptual/Basic Science Eberhard Spoerl, PhD, and Suphi Taneri, MD Chapter 17 Transepithelial Corneal Cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Chapter 18 Corneal Cross-Linking With IontophoresisPaolo Vinciguerra, MD; Riccardo Vinciguerra, MD; Fabrizio Camesasca, MD; Vito Romano, MD; and Pietro Rosetta, MD Chapter 19 Cross-Linking Protocols in Thin Corneas Soosan Jacob, MS, FRCS, DNB, and Amar Agarwal, MS, FRCS, FRCOphth Chapter 20 Pediatric Corneal Cross-Linking Joseph Frucht-Pery, MD, and Denise Wajnsztajn, MD Chapter 21 Corneal Cross-Linking Complications and Management Karolinne Maia Rocha, MD, PhD; Koray Gümü?, MD, FEBOphth; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Section IV Corneal Cross-Linking Imaging and Diagnostic Evaluations Chapter 22 Measuring the Efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking Using Advanced Corneal Biomechanical Diagnostic Modalities Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD; Marcella Q. Salomão, MD; and Cynthia Roberts, PhD Chapter 23 Measuring the Efficacy of Cross-Linking: Clinical Metrics J. Bradley Randleman, MD, and Praneetha Thulasi, MD Chapter 24 Measuring Corneal Cross-Linking Efficacy: Biomechanical Measurement Approach Giuliano Scarcelli; Seok Hyun Yun; and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 25 Confocal Microscopy in Corneal Cross-LinkingCosimo Mazzotta, MD, PhD, and Luigi Fontana, MD, PhD Chapter 26 Optical Coherence Tomography Use in Corneal Cross-Linking Sumitra S. Khandelwal, MD, and J. Bradley Randleman, MD Chapter 27 Epithelial Remodeling After Corneal Cross-Linking Karolinne Maia Rocha, MD, PhD, and Sudeep Dilip Sunthankar, MD Section V Cross-Linking Plus: Combination Procedures Chapter 28 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy: Cretan ProtocolGeorge D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Michael A. Grentzelos, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Chapter 29 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Surface Ablation: Athens Protocol Anastasios John Kanellopoulos, MD, and George Asimellis, PhD Chapter 30 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Intracorneal Ring SegmentAylin K?l?ç, MD, and David Touboul, MD Chapter 31 Corneal Cross-Linking in Combination With Phakic Intraocular Lenses Jose L. Güell, MD, PhD; Merce Morral, MD, PhD; Emilio J. Segovia, MD; Oscar Gris, MD, PhD; Daniel Elies, MD; and Felicidad Manero, MD Chapter 32 Corneal Cross-Linking: Combined Treatment Options Efekan Coskunseven, MD, and Onurcan Sahin, MSc Chapter 33 Corneal Cross-Linking as a Primary Refractive ProcedureGeorge D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; Dimitra M. Portaliou, MD, PhD, FEBO; Michael A. Grentzelos, MD; and Chrysanthi Koutsandrea, MD, PhD Section VI Cross-Linking for Infectious Keratitis: PACK-CXL Chapter 34 PACK-CXL Jes Mortensen, MD, and Karim Makdoumi, MD, PhD Chapter 35 PACK-CXL for Viral Keratitis and Acanthamoeba Keratitis Francis W. Price Jr, MD, and Marianne O. Price, PhD, MBA Section VII Other Uses for Cross-Linking Chapter 36 Corneal Cross-Linking for Corneal Stromal Edema Niels Ehlers, MD, PhD, and Jesper Hjortdal, MD, PhD Chapter 37 Sclera Cross-Linking Brendan Geraghty, BEng(Hons), MSc, PhD, and Ahmed Elsheikh, BEng(Hon), MSc, PhD Section VIII Current Controversies and Perspectives Chapter 38 Epithelium-On Treatments In Favor Steven E. Wilson, MD, and Andre A.M. Torricelli, MD, PhD Opposed Aldo Caporossi, MD, PhD, FRCS; Antonio Villano, MD; Stefano Baiocchi, MD, PhD; and Orsola Caporossi, MD, PhD Chapter 39 Corneal Cross-Linking Can Impact Limbal Stem Cells In Favor Johnny E. Moore, FRCOphth, PhD; David Schiroli, PhD; and C.B. Tara Moore, PhD Opposed Farhad Hafezi, MD, PhD, and Sabine Kling, PhD Chapter 40 Performing Corneal Cross-Linking After Definitive Signs of Ectasia Progression Are Detected Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD; Rosane de Oliveira Corrêa, MD; and Rozalia Litewski Beildeck, MD Chapter 41 Prophylactic Cross-Linking Combined With LASIK In FavorAnastasios John Kanellopoulos, MD, and George Asimellis, PhD Opposed Theo Seiler, MD, PhD Chapter 42 Summary of Commercially Available Corneal Cross-Linking Units George O. Waring IV, MD, FACS; Susannah L. Brown, MD; and Frederik Raiskup, MD, PhD, FEBO Financial Disclosures Index