Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy

Edited by Moshe Hod, MD, professor (clinical) of obstetrics and gynecology, and director, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah-Tiqva, Israel Lois G. Jovanovic, MD, clinical professor of medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, and adjunct professor of biomolecular science and engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, and CEO and chief scientific officer, Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, USA Gian Carlo Di Renzo, MD, PhD, professor and chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and director, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Perugia, Italy Alberto de Leiva, MD, PhD, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; EDUAB-HSP, CIBER-BBN, and Fundación DIABEM, Barcelona, Spain. Oded Langer, MD, PhD, Babcock professor and chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, University Hospital for Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

Introduction: Merging the Legacies and Hypotheses: Maternal Medicine Meets Fetal Medicine. History of Diabetic Pregnancy. Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy. Intermediary Metabolism in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes. Nutrient Delivery and Metabolism in the Fetus. Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Autoimmunity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Epidemiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Genetics of Diabetic Pregnancy. Animal Models in Diabetes and Pregnancy Research. Pathologic Abnormalities of Placental Structure and Function in Diabetes. The Great Obstetric Syndromes: The Roots of Disease. Placental Origins of Diabesity and the Origin of Preeclampsia. Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cost-Effectiveness of Screening and Management Programs for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Changing Health Policy: From Study to National Policy. Ideal Weight Gain in Diabetic Pregnancy. Medical Nutritional Therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacologic Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: When to Start and What Agent to Use. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Consequences of Not Treating. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Multiple Pregnancies. Glycemic Goals in Diabetic Pregnancy and Defining a "Good Control": Maternal and Fetal Perspective. Insulin Therapy in Pregnancy. Use of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Pregnancy. The Drug Dilemma of Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Pregnancy: Metformin. Facing the Noncommunicable Diseases’ Global Epidemic: The Battle of Prevention Starts In Utero the FIGO Challenge. Links between Maternal Health and Noncommunicable Diseases. Diabetic Pregnancy in the Developing World. Managing Diabetic Pregnancy in China. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and Pregnancy Outcomes. Obesity Versus Glycemic Control: Which Contributes More to Adverse Pregnancy Outcome? Pharmacological Treatment for the Obese Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patient. Role of Exercise in Reducing the Risks of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Women. Role of Bariatric Surgery in Obese Women Planning Pregnancy. Fetal Lung Maturity. Monitoring during the Later Stage of Pregnancy and during Labor: Glycemic Considerations. Timing and Mode of Delivery. Management of the Macrosomic Fetus. Congenital Malformations in Diabetic Pregnancy: Prevalence and Types. Diabetic Embryopathy in the Preimplantation Embryo. Postimplantation Diabetic Embryopathy. Fetal Malformations Detected with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diabetic Mother. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancy. Insulin Infusion Pumps in Pregnancy. Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy. Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring. Reproduction and Its Impact on Health and Disease. Diabetes, Pregnancy, and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Interventions to Improve Pregnancy Outcome in Obese Pregnancy: Implications for Mother and Child. Lifestyle Interventions to Reduce Risk of Diabetes among High-Risk Pregnant and Postpartum Women. Can Fetal Macrosomia Be Predicted and Prevented? Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Pregnancy. Hypertensive Disorders and Diabetic Pregnancy. Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy. Quality of Care for the Woman with Diabetes at Pregnancy. Early Pregnancy Loss and Perinatal Mortality. Short-Term Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Neonate. Long-Term Outcomes after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exposure in the Offspring. Metabolomics and Diabetic Pregnancy. Fetal Growth Restriction: Evidence-Based Clinical Management.