Brute Science

Hugh LaFollette is Professor of Philosophy and Niall Shanks of Associate Professor of Philosophy and Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences at East Tennessee State University.

Part I. Understanding the Debate 1. A First Look: the Prima Facie Case 2. The Problems of Relevance 3. Claude Bernard: The Founder of the Paradigm 4. The Current Paradigm 5. Evolution I: Species and Species' Differences 6. Evolution II: The Widening Synthesis Part II. Evaluating Animal Experimentation: The Scientific Issues 7. Causal Disanalogy I: Strong Models and Theoretical Expectations 8. Causal Disanalogy II: The Empirical Evidence 9. Causal Disanalogy III: Weak Models 10. Evading Causal Disanalogy: It Just Works 11. Avoiding Causal Disanalogy: Transgenic Animals 12. Basic Research Part III. Evaluating Animal Experimentation: The Moral Issues 13. The Moral Debate in Historical Context 14. Speciesism: The Deontological Defense 15. Incalculable Benefits: the Consequentialist Defense.