Preclinical Psychopharmacology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Preclinical Psychopharmacology, Part 1 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Contributors 6
Introduction 10
Introduction to the second volume 13
Chapter 1. Antidepressants 14
INTRODUCTION 14
CATECHOLAMINES 14
5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 24
ANTIDEPRESSANTBINDINGTONEUROTRANSMITTE RANDNOVELRECEPTORSITES 28
NOVEL PUTATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS 35
REFERENCES 37
Chapter 2. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants 48
INTRODUCTION 48
ROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING MAO-A AND-BIN VITRO OR EX VIVO 49
HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF MAO-A AND MAO-B IN THE BRAIN 49
THE NATURE OF M AOA AND -B THEIR INTERACTION WITH SUBSTRATES AND INHIBITORS
DEAMINATION OF MONOAMINES BY MAO TYPES A AND B 53
METABOLISM OF TYRAMINE BY INTESTINAL MAO-A AND MAO-B: ITS IMPLICATION IN THE CHEESE EFFECT 55
RECENT INHIBITORS OF MAO-A AND MAO-B 56
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF MAO INHIBITORS-INTERACTIONS WITH SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES 59
EFFECTS OF MAO INHIBITORS ON UPTAKE, STORAGE AND RELEASE OF MONOAMINES 62
OTHER PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MAO INHIBITORS 64
ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS FOLLOWING CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MAO INHIBITORS 66
ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS 69
MAO-B INHIBITORS ADJUNCT TO LEVODOPA THERAPY OF PARKINSON' S DISEASE 70
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 3. Lithium 84
INTRODUCTION 84
LITHIUM EFFECTS ON ION TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 86
LITHIUM EFFECTS ON PEPTIDES 97
CONCLUSIONS 98
REFERENCES 99
Chapter 4. Tranquilizers 105
INTRODUCTION 105
THE BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (BZR) 106
THE GABA-GATED CHLORIDE CHANNEL AS A DRUG RECEPTOR 120
NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES 123
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 139
TOXICITY 160
CONCLUSIONS 162
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 163
REFERENCES 163
Chapter 5. Psychostimulants 196
INTRODUCTION 196
BIOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 196
ACUTE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS 198
TASK PERFORMANCE 202
CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION 205
LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION 210
CONCLUDING REMARKS 211
REFERENCES 212
Chapter 6. Neuroleptics 219
INTRODUCTION 219
THE DRUGS 220
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES 220
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 231
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES 234
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS 236
ALTERNATIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING 'NEUROLEPSIS' 238
CONCLUSIONS 239
REFERENCES 240
Chapter 7. Behavioral teratology and toxicology 252
INTRODUCTION 252
EFFECTS OF NEUROTOXINS SPECIFIC FOR CENTRAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS 254
EFFECTS OF HORMONES 258
EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS 263
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS 266
EFFECTS OF CENTRAL DEPRESSANTS 269
EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC ANALGESICS 274
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS 278
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS 278
EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS 279
CONCLUSION 282
REFERENCES 282
Chapter 8. Opiates 296
INTRODUCTION 296
THE ENDOGENOUS OPIATE RECEPTOR LIGANDS 296
MULTIPLE OPIATE RECEPTORS 309
POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS 315
ANALGESIA AND ANALGESIC MECHANISMS 316
OPIATE ALKALOIDS 318
ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTION 322
MEMORY 326
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 327
APPETITE REGULATION 328
CONCLUSION: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 330
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 332
REFERENCES 332
Chapter 9. Hallucinogens: phencyclidine 356
INTRODUCTION 356
EFFECTS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS 357
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 360
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 362
SUMMARY 368
REFERENCES 369
Chapter 10. Cannabis 377
INTRODUCTION 377
ANTIEMETIC EFFECT 378
ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT 378
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS 381
PROSTAGLANDINS 387
ANIMAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 388
HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 393
GENERAL DISCUSSION 393
REFERENCES 395
Chapter 11. Alcohol 405
INTRODUCTION 405
ETHANOL INTAKE 405
ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL AND DEPENDENCE 407
STRAIN DIFFERENCES 408
BODY TEMPERATURE 411
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 411
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROLOGY 414
NEUROTRANSMISSION 416
ETHANOL AS A GENERAL ANESTHETIC 423
ALCOHOL INTERACTIONS WITH MEMBRANE BIOCHEMISTRY 425
METABOLISM OF ETHANOL AND ACETALDEHYDE 429
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON METABOLIC PROCESSES 433
ENDOCRINOLOGY 434
ETHANOL-DRUG INTERACTIONS 436
CONCLUDING REMARKS 437
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 438
REFERENCES 438
Chapter 12. Cocaine: mechanisms underlying behavioral effects 455
INTRODUCTION 455
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS 456
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 458
LEARNING EFFECTS 460
CHRONIC BEHAVIORAL CHANGES 463
SUMMARY 466
REFERENCES 466
Subject index 474