Toxicology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Toxicology: Mechanisms and Analytical Methods 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME II 6
FOREWORD 8
PREFACE 10
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I 16
CHAPTER 1. The Mode of Action of Poisons 18
I. INTRODUCTION 18
II. ENZYME INHIBITION 20
III. FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE INHIBITION AND ITS EFFECTS 24
IV. FURTHER EXAMPLES OF ENZYME INHIBITION ANTIDOTES
V. CONCLUSION 32
REFERENCES 32
CHAPTER 2. Gases, Vapors, Mists, and Dusts 34
I. THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTAMINATED ATMOSPHERES IN 
34 
II. BIOCHEMICAL CONTROL OF EXPOSURE 42
III. THE DETERMINATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE ATMOSPHERE 45
REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 3. 
72 
I. INTRODUCTION 72
II. QUALITATIVE TESTS 73
III. QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURES 86
REFERENCES 100
CHAPTER 4. Ethyl Alcohol 102
I. PURE ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 103
II. "NORMAL" ALCOHOL 105
III. ABSORPTION OF ALCOHOL 105
IV. DISTRIBUTION OF ABSORBED ALCOHOL 106
V. FATE OF ABSORBED ALCOHOL 115
VI. PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS 121
VII. DETERMINATION OF ALCOHOL IN BODY MATERIALS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
VIII. DIRECTIONS FOR FIVE METHODS OF ESTIMATING ALCOHOL IN 
143 
IX. BREATH ALCOHOL METHODS 154
X. MEDICOLEGAL INTERPRETATION OF THE LEVEL OF BLOOD ALCOHOL 160
REFERENCES 164
CHAPTER 5. 
170 
I. ISOLATION 170
II. IDENTIFICATION 177
III. QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BARBITURATES 191
IV. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 199
V. CONCLUSION 204
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 205
REFERENCES 205
CHAPTER 6. Acidic and Neutral Poisons (Other than Barbiturates) 210
I. INTRODUCTION 210
II. ISOLATION 211
III. PURIFICATION 213
IV. IDENTIFICATION 213
V. CONCLUSION 224
REFERENCES 224
CHAPTER 7. 
226 
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 226
II. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION 228
III. IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION 246
IV. BIOTRANSFORMATIONS 285
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 286
REFERENCES TO APPENDIX 600
TEXT REFERENCES 604
CHAPTER 8. 
614 
I. MINERAL ACIDS 614
II. ORGANIC ACIDS 643
III. MINERAL ALKALIES 649
REFERENCES 653
CHAPTER 9. 
656 
I. REINSCH TEST 657
II. MARSH-BERZELIUS TEST 661
III. GUTZEIT TEST 665
IV. DITHIZONE METHOD 671
V. SPECIAL METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY, BARIUM, CHROMIUM, COBALT, GOLD, LITHIUM, MANGANESE, 
684 
REFERENCES 695
CHAPTER 10. 
698 
I. INTRODUCTION 698
II. PHYSICAL METHODS 701
III. CLEANUP AND RESULT OF CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE PESTICIDE 703
IV. ENZYMATIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS 705
V. THE IMPORTANCE OF METABOLITES 707
VI. NONSPECIFIC METHODS FOR CHLORINATED ORGANIC PESTICIDES 710
VII. QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR BAPID IDENTIFICATION OF CHLORINATEDPESTICIDES 711
VIII. QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE CHLORIDE ION 716
IX. SPECIFIC METHODS FOR CHLORINATED PESTICIDES 717
X. THE CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDES 724
XI. ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES 729
XII. ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES 730
XIII. CARBAMATES 734
XIV. DlTHIOCARBAMATES 735
XV. ORGANIC PESTICIDES CONTAINING A CN RADICAL 737
XVI. ORGANIC PESTICIDES CONTAINING A THIOCYANATE RADICAL 737
XVII. DETERMINATION OF DINITROAROMATIC PESTICIDES 738
XVIII. DETERMINATION OF DINITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS 739
XIX. MISCELLANEOUS PESTICIDES 740
APPENDIX A 741
REFERENCES 748
CHAPTER 11. 
754 
I. INTRODUCTION 754
II. CHEMICAL ONTOGENY AND TAXONOMIC DISTRIBUTION 755
III. METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION 765
REFERENCES 771
CHAPTER 12. 
772 
I. INTRODUCTION 772
II. NUCLEAR ENERGY AND RADIOACTIVITY 775
III. INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER 778
IV. SOURCES OF EXPOSURE AND CONTACT 780
V. RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL 783
VI. DOSAGE RATE AND DISTRIBUTION 784
VII. METHODS OF DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT 786
IX. HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BODIES AND TISSUES 
793 
X. PATHOLOGY ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF
XI. MEDICOLEGAL INTERPRETATION 801
REFERENCES 801
CHAPTER 13. 
802 
I. HEMOGLOBIN DERIVATIVES 802
II. HALIDES 809
III. PORPHYRINS 820
IV. GLUCURONIC ACID 822
REFERENCES 824
CHAPTER 14. 
826 
I. INTRODUCTION 826
II. REMOVAL AND INACTIVATION OF THE POISON 827
III. SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT 836
IV. PLAN OF TREATMENT OF A CASE OF ACUTE POISONING 841
V. NOTES ON INDIVIDUAL POISONS AND SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC MEASURES 844
LIST OF POISONS DISCUSSED 844
REFERENCES 864
SUBJECT INDEX 870