Pharmacology of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Transmission (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pharmacology of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Transmission 5
Copyright Page 6
Table of Contents 7
LIST OF AUTHORS AND PARTICIPANTS 11
PART I: CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION 15
Section I: 17
CHAPTER 1. THE ROLE OF SODIUM IONS IN THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE 17
EFFECTS OF SODIUM DEFICIENCY ON ACh RELEASE IN PERFUSED GANGLIA 19
THE EFFECTS O F SODIUM PUMP INHIBITORS ON GANGLIONIC AND MYONEURAL TRANSMISSION 22
THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM PUMPINHIBITIN ON THE RELEASE OF ACh AT SINGLE MYONEURAL JUNCTIONS 24
DISCUSSION 29
REFERENCES 32
CHAPTER 2. DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE IN MUSCLE 35
DISTRIBUTION OF ACh AND CHOLINE ACETYLASE IN MUSCLE 35
RELEASE OF ACh FROM MOTOR NERVE ENDINGS DURING ACTIVITY 38
ACh RELEASE AFTER DENERVATION 39
SPONTANEOUS RELEASE OFACh 40
REFERENCES 40
CHAPTER 3. THE ROLES OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN JUNCTIONAL TRANSMISSION 43
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 51
REFERENCES 51
CHAPTER 4. CORRELATED STUDIES OF MONOAMINES AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA, ILLUSTRATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC NEURONS* 55
MATERIAL AND METHODS 55
RESULTS 57
DISCUSSION 64
SUMMARY 65
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 66
REFERENCES 66
DISCUSSION 67
CHAPTER 5. THE ACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND RELATED DRUGS ON MAMMALIAN NON-MYELINATED NERVE FIBRES 69
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 82
REFERENCES 82
DISCUSSION 84
CHAPTER 6. POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ACETYLCHOLINE ACTION IN MUSCLE 87
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 91
REFERENCES 91
CHAPTER 7. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMING UP 93
Section II: 95
CHAPTER 8. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION IN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA 95
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 97
REFERENCES 97
CHAPTER 9. INTERACTIONS OF CHOLINOMIMETIC AND CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS AT SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA 99
GANGLIONIC STIMULATION BY CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS 99
REFERENCES 107
CHAPTER 10. ACETYLCHOLINE AS A SECRETOGOGUE: CALCIUM-DEPENDENT LINKS IN "STIMULUSSECRETION COUPLING" AT THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND SUBMAXILLARY GLAND 109
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 123
REFERENCES 123
DISCUSSION 124
CHAPTER 11. ON THE EVOLUTION OF CHOLINORECEPTIVE SITES OF LOCOMOTOR MUSCLE 127
REFERENCES 140
DISCUSSION 141
CHAPTER 12. THE MOLECULAR DISTRIBUTION OF 14C-DECAMETHONIUM IN AND AROUND THE MOTOR END-PLATE AND ITS METABOLISM IN CATS AND MICE 143
METHODS 143
RESULTS 145
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 149
REFERENCES 150
CHAPTER 13. CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION IN THE MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 151
REFERENCES 156
DISCUSSION 157
CHAPTER 14. PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCKING OF CENTRAL CHOLINOREACTIVE SYSTEMS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION 161
I.COMBINATION OF CENTRAL CHOLINOLYTIC AND ANALGESIC AGENTS 163
II. INLUENCE OF CENTRAL CHOLINOLYTIC AGENTS ON TRAUMATIC SHOCK 164
III. THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL CHOLINOLYTIC DRUGS ON ACUTE CEREBRAL EDEMA 165
CHAPTER 15. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMING UP 167
PART II: ADRENERGIC TRANSMISSION 169
Section I: 171
CHAPTER 16. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 171
OLD AND NEW CRITERIA FOR TRANSMISSION 171
FORMATION AND BREAKDOWN OF ADRENERGIC TRANSMITTERS 173
UPTAKE, STORAGE, AND RELEASE OF ADRENERGIC TRANSMITTERS 175
THE ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS 176
REFERENCES 176
CHAPTER 17. LOCALIZATION OF NEURONAL MONOAMINES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL 179
PRESENT HISTOCHEMICAL METHOD 179
MONOAMINES IN PERIPHERAL NERVES 182
MONOAMINES IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 185
MONOAMINES IN PERIVENTRICULAR ORGANS 190
SUMMARY 193
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 194
REFERENCES 195
DISCUSSION 196
CHAPTER 18. DRUGS INTERFERING WITH THE FORMATION OF ADRENERGIC TRANSMITTERS 199
AROMATIC-L-AMINO ACIDDE CARBOXYLASE 199
PHENETHYLAMINE -B-OXIDASE 201
INHIBITORS O F PHENETHYLAMINE-ß-OXIDASE 205
BENZYLOXY AMINE ACTIVITY IN VIVO 209
REFERENCES 216
DISCUSSION 217
CHAPTER 19. METABOLISM AND INACTIVATION OF NORADRENALINE AND ADRENALINE AND THE EFFECT OF DRUGS 219
REFERENCES 232
DISCUSSION 233
CHAPTER 20. BIOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A NEW SERIES OF SUBSTANCES INTERFERING WITH BIOSYNTHESIS AND INTERACTION OF CATECHOLAMINES 235
REFERENCES 237
CHAPTER 21. THE ROLE OF THE MEMBRANE OF CHROMAFFIN GRANULES ISOLATED FROM THE ADRENAL MEDULLA 239
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 246
REFERENCES 246
DISCUSSION 247
CHAPTER 22. THE BIPHASIC EFFECT OF PHENOTHIAZINES ON THE RELEASE OF ADRENALINE FROM ADRENOMEDULLARY GRANULES AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON pH 249
REFERENCES 253
CHAPTER 23. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMING UP 255
Section II: 259
CHAPTER 24. EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE STORAGE GRANULES OF ADRENERGIC NERVES 259
1. EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE NA RELEASE FROM ISOLATED NERVE G RANULES 260
2. UPTAKE OF AMINES IN NERVE GRANULES 268
3. COMMENTS 269
SUMMARY 271
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 271
REFERENCES 272
DISCUSSION 274
CHAPTER 25. EFFECT OF DRUGS ON MONOAMINE UPTAKE IN ISOLATED TISSUES 275
REFERENCES 289
CHAPTER 26. EFFECT OF DRUGS AND SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION ON NORADRENALINE UPTAKE AND BINDING IN ANIMAL TISSUES 291
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 301
REFERENCES 301
DISCUSSION 302
CHAPTER 27. DRUGS INTERFERING WITH THE STORAGE AND RELEASE OF ADRENERGIC TRANSMITTERS 305
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 315
REFERENCES 315
DISCUSSION 316
CHAPTER 28. ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR MECHANISMS 317
SPECIFIC ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS 320
SUMMARY 325
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 326
REFERENCES 326
DISCUSSION 328
CHAPTER 29. ADENYL CYCLASE AND HORMONE ACTION 331
CHAPTER 30. FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NORADRENALINE DEPLETION BY a-METHYL METATYROSINE, METARAMINOL AND DEXTRO-ADRENALINE 333
INTRODUCTION 333
METHODS 333
RESULTS 334
DISCUSSION 340
SUMMARY 341
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 341
REFERENCES 342
CHAPTER 31. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMING UP 343
INHIBITORS OF THE UPTAKE OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE 345
STIMULATORS OFTHE UPTAKE OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE 346
STIMULATORS OF RELEASE OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE 347
INHIBITORS OF THE RELEASE OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE 348
METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE BY ENZYMES 348
INDEX 351