Basic Pharmacology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Basic Pharmacology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 10
Introduction 12
List of abbreviations 16
Chapter 1. General pharmacology 20
Mechanisms of drug action 20
Receptor mediation of drug effects 29
Adverse effects of drugs 38
Allergically determined hypersensitivity to drugs 43
Genetically determined idiosyncracy to drugs (pharmacogenetics) 46
Developmental toxicity 52
Adverse drug interactions 56
Abuse of drugs 63
Drug design, development and testing 67
Chapter 2. Drug action on peripheral excitable tissues — drugs acting on signalling and transduction mechanisms directly related to receptors for the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and noradrenaline 74
Anatomy and physiology of the (efferent) peripheral nervous system and its effectors 75
The effector cells innervated by postganglionic autonomic neurones: important effects caused by nervous activity 81
The pharmacology of cholinergic axons and their terminals 88
The pharmacology of the cholinoceptors of skeletal muscle 91
The pharmacology of the cholinoceptors of ganglia 97
The pharmacology of the cholinoceptors of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and exocrine glands 103
Cholinesterases and their inhibitors 108
Noradrenergic neuroeffector transmission as a target of drug action 112
Drugs with noradrenergic prejunctional sites of action 113
Drugs that modify the release of noradrenaline 116
Drugs that modify the inactivation of noradrenaline 120
Agonists at adrenoceptors 123
Antagonists at adrenoceptors 130
The adrenal medulla 134
Chapter 3. Drug action on peripheral tissues — drugs acting on signalling and transduction mechanisms other than those directly related to receptors for neurotransmitters and hormones 136
hormones 136
Local anaesthesia 136
Cardiac antidysrhythmic drugs 143
Cardiac glycosides 150
Calcium channel blockers 152
Methylxanthines 155
Nitrates 157
Diuretics 159
Anticoagulant, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic compounds 163
Lipid-lowering drugs 168
Chapter 4. Endocrine pharmacology 170
Hypothalamo-pituitary axis 174
Gonadotrophins 176
Oestrogens, progestogens and androgens 180
The thyroid gland and drugs used in thyroid abnormalities 191
The adrenal cortex and the corticosteroids 196
Drugs in diabetes mellitus 201
Posterior pituitary hormones 207
Angiotensin 209
Local hormones 211
Inflammation 223
Chapter 5. Drug action on the central nervous system 228
Chemical transmission in the CNS 230
Extrapyramidal disorders of movement 237
Antidepressive drugs 241
Antipsychotic drugs 245
Vomiting, emetics and antiemetics 248
Opioid analgesics and their antagonists 250
Stimulants and hallucinogens 255
Antipyretic analgesics 259
The state of consciousness and the general anaesthetic agents 261
Chapter 6. Antiparasitic chemotherapy 272
Biochemical selectivity 273
Distributional selectivity 283
Drug resistance in parasites 287
Chemotherapy of metazoal infestations 288
Chemotherapy of protozoal infections 292
Chemotherapy of fungal infections 298
Chemotherapy of bacterial infections 301
Chemotherapy of viral infections 312
Chemotherapy of malignant neoplasms 315
Chapter 7. Drug disposition 323
Absorption 326
Distribution 331
Elimination 338
Pharmacokinetics 347
Drug dosage regimens 358
Physicochemical groupings of drugs 362
Water-soluble drugs 364
Drugs with intermediate solubility 367
Lipid-soluble drugs 370
Acidic drugs 378
Basic drugs 382
Chapter 8. Clinical pharmacology 385
Acute poisoning 385
Peptic ulceration 388
Inflammatory bowel disease 391
Gastrointestinal motility disorders 392
Congestive heart failure 395
Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs 398
Angina of effort 405
Asthma 408
Coughs and colds 417
Headache and migraine 420
Drugs and mental disorders 423
Epilepsy 433
Drugs and fertility 439
Haematinic drugs and the cellular elements of blood 443
Drugs in joint disease 449
Gout 451
Drugs and the skin 452
Suggested further reading 
460 
Index 462