Laboratory Rat (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Biology and Diseases 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
List of Contributors 10
Preface 12
Contents of Volume II Research Applications 14
Chapter 1. Historical Foundations 16
I. ORIGIN OF THE LABORATORY RAT 17
II. THE WISTAR INSTITUTE 18
III. NUTRITION AND BIOCHEMISTRY 26
IV. ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY 31
V. CANCER RESEARCH INSTITUTES 34
VI. BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 38
VII. GENETICS 40
VIII. OTHER STOCKS OF RATS 44
IX. GENEALOGY OF MAJOR RAT STOCKS AND STRAINS 45
X. SOME KEY EVENTS AFTER WORLD WAR II 46
XI. INFORMATION REQUESTED 47
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 48
REFERENCES 48
Chapter 2. Taxonomy and Genetics 52
I. INTRODUCTION 52
II. TAXONOMY AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 53
III. .D..T..... TO THE LABORATORY 53
IV. GENETICS 54
V. CHROMOSOME MAPPING 62
VI. CYTOGENETICS 62
VII. INBRED STRAINS 65
REFERENCES 65
Chapter 3. Inbred Strains 70
I. INTRODUCTION 70
II. NOMENCLATURE RULES 71
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 84
REFERENCES 84
Chapter 4. Morphophysiology 88
I. INTRODUCTION 89
II. GENERAL APPEARANCE 89
III. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 92
IV. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 98
V. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 101
VI. URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 103
VII. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 108
VIII. NERVOUS SYSTEM 110
IX. SPECIAL SENSE ORGANS 113
REFERENCES 115
Chapter 5. Hematology and Clinical Biochemistry 120
I. INTRODUCTION 120
II. SOURCES OF VARIATION 120
III. MICROTECHNIQUES 122
IV. QUANTITIES AND UNITS 122
V. HEMATOLOGY 123
VI. CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 128
REFERENCES 133
Chapter 6. Nutrition 138
I. INTRODUCTION 138
II. DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 139
III. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 143
REFERENCES 161
Chapter 7. Reproduction and Breeding 168
I. INTRODUCTION 169
II. BIOTIC ASPECTS 169
III. NUTRITION 173
IV. SPATIAL ASPECTS 175
V. CLIMATIC ASPECTS 175
VI. TEMPORAL ASPECTS 177
VII. MANAGEMENT 178
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 181
REFERENCES 181
Chapter 8. Housing to Control Research Variables 184
I. INTRODUCTION 184
II. PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOLOGIC RESPONSE 185
II.. CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOLOGIC RESPONSE 195
IV. MICROBIAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOLOGIC RESPONSE 198
V. ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 201
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 201
REFERENCES 201
Chapter 9. Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases 208
I. INTRODUCTION 208
II. BACTERIAL DISEASES 209
III. MYCOTIC DISEASES 243
REFERENCES 245
Chapter 10. Mycoplasmal and Rickettsial Diseases 258
I. INTRODUCTION 258
II. MYCOPLASMAL DISEASES 258
III. RICKETTSIAL DISEASES 274
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 280
REFERENCES 280
Chapter 11. Viral Diseases 286
I. INTRODUCTION 287
II. DNA VIRUSES 288
III. RNA VIRUSES 299
IV. UNCLASSIFIED VIRUSES OR VIRUSLIKE AGENTS 312
V. EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTIONS 313
VI. COLLECTION OF SAMPLES FOR SEROLOGICAL TESTS AND VIRUS ISOLATION 314
VII. GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND CONTROL OF VIRAL INFECTIONS 315
REFERENCES 317
Chapter 12. Parasitic Diseases 322
I. INTRODUCTION 322
II. PARASITES OF PARENTERAL SYSTEMS 323
III. PARASITES OF THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM 332
IV. PARASITES OF THE INTEGUMENT 341
REFERENCES 343
Chapter 13. Neoplastic Diseases 348
I. INTRODUCTION 349
II. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 351
III. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 355
IV. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 356
V. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 357
VI. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 358
VII. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 362
VIII. HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM 367
IX. URINARY SYSTEM 370
X. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 373
XI. MAMMARY GLAND 376
XII. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 377
XIII. NERVOUS SYSTEM 380
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 386
REFERENCES 386
Chapter 14. Lesions Associated with Aging 392
I. INTRODUCTION 393
II. MAJOR AGE-ASSOCIATED LESIONS 393
III. INFLUENCE OF DIET ON LONGEVITY AND AGE-ASSOCIATED LESIONS 399
IV. OTHER AGE-ASSOCIATED LESIONS 402
REFERENCES 411
Chapter 15. Health Hazards for Man 416
I. INTRODUCTION 417
II. ALLERGY 417
III. BITES 417
IV. BACTERIAL DISEASES 417
V. RICKETTSIAL DISEASES 420
VI. VIRAL DISEASES 420
VII. PROTOZOAN DISEASES 421
VIII. HELMINTH INFECTIONS 421
IX. ARTHROPOD INFESTATIONS 422
X. MYCOSES 422
XI. CONCLUSION 422
REFERENCES 422
Appendix 1: Selected Normative Data 426
Appendix 2: Drugs and Dosages 428
Subject Index 438