ASE's Comprehensive Echocardiography

Section I. Physics and Instrumentation

1. General Principles of Echocardiography

2. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

3. Doppler Principles

4. Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

5. Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Section II. Transthoracic Echocardiography

6. Transthoracic Echocardiography: Nomenclature and standard views

7. Technical quality

8. Transthoracic Echocardiography Tomographic Views

9. M- Mode Echocardiography

10. Doppler Echocardiography: Normal Antegrade Flow Patterns

Section III. Transesophageal Echocardiography

11. Protocol, Probe Insertion and Manipulation, Risks and Complications

12. Transesophageal Echocardiography: Tomographic View

13. Applications of Transesophageal Echocardiography

14. Pitfalls and Artifacts in Transesophageal Echocardiography

Section IV.  Intracardiac Echocardiography

15. Applications of Intracardiac Echocardiography

16. Limitations of Intracardiac Echocardiography

Section V. Intravascular Echocardiography

17. Intravascular Ultrasound: Instrumentation and Technique

18. Intravascular Ultrasound: Applications and Limitations

Section VI.  Hand-Held Echocardiography

19. Hand-carried cardiac ultrasound: Background, Instrumentation and Technique

20. Focused Cardiac Ultrasound

Section VII. Contrast Echocardiography

21. Contrast Echocardiography: Introduction

22. Ultrasonic contrast agents

23. Physical Properties of Microbubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents

24. Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents

25. Stress Echocardiography and Contrast

26. Contrast-enhanced carotid imaging

Section VIII. Left Ventricular Systolic Function

27. Introduction

28. Left Ventricular Systolic function: Basic Principles

29. Global Left Ventricular systolic function

30. Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Function

31. Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony

Section IX. Right Heart

32. Right Ventricular Anatomy

33. The Physiologic Basis of Right Ventricular Echocardiography

34. Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function

35. Right Ventricular Hemodynamics

36. The right atrium

37. Pulmonary embolism

Section X. Diastolic Function

38. Physiology of diastole

39. Methods of Assessment

40. Echo Doppler parameters of diastolic function

41. Estimation of Left Ventricular filling pressures

42. Clinical Recommendations for Echocardiography Laboratories for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

43. Newer Methods to Assess Diastolic Function

44. Causes of diastolic dysfunction

Section XI. Left Atrium

45. Assessment of Left Atrial Size

46. Assessment of Left Atrial Function

Section XII. Ischemic Heart Disease

47. Introduction to Ischemic Heart Disease

48. Ischemic Heart Disease: Basic Principles

49. Acute Chest Pain Syndromes: Differential Diagnosis

50. Echocardiography in Acute Myocardial Infarction

51. Echocardiography in Stable Coronary Artery Disease

52. Old Myocardial Infarction

53. End-Stage Cardiomyopathy Due to Coronary Artery Disease

54. Coronary artery anomalies

Section XIII.  Stress Echocardiography

55. Stress Echocardiography - Introduction

56. Effects of Exercise, Pharmacological Stress and Pacing on the Cardiovascular System

57. Diagnostic criteria, accuracy

58. Stress Echocardiography Methodology

59. Stress Echocardiography: Image acquisition

60. Prognosis

61. Viability

62. Contrast-enhanced stress echocardiography

63. 3Dimensional stress echocardiography

64. Stress Echocardiography for Valve disease: Aortic Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis

65. Appropriate Use Criteria for Stress Echocardiography

66. Comparison with other techniques

Section XIV. Cardiomyopathies

67. Introduction to Cardiomyopathies

68. Pathophysiology and Variants of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

69. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Functional Features and Treatment of Outflow Tract Obstruction

70. Differential of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy versus Secondary Conditions that Mimic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

71. Echocardiographic Features of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanism of Systolic Anterior Motion

72. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Assessment of therapy

73. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Screening of relatives

74. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

75. Echocardiography in Athletic Preparticipation Screening

76. Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology, Diagnostic Criteria and Echocardiographic Features

77. Imaging in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy

78. Echocardiographic Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

79. Right Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

80. Restrictive cardiomyopathy: Classification

81. Cardiac Amyloidosis - Echocardiographic Features

82. Hereditary and Acquired Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy

83. Endomyocardial Fibrosis

84. Restriction versus constriction

85. Echocardiography in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

86. Echocardiographic Analysis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction

87. Takotsubo-like Transient Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

88. A Systematic Echocardiographic Approach to Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy

89. Posttransplantation echocardiographic evaluation

90. Familial Cardiomyopathies

91. Echocardiography in Cor Pulmonale and/or Pulmonary heart disease

92. Echocardiographic Evaluation of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

93. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Right Heart: Limitations and Technical Considerations

Section XV. Aortic Stenosis

94. Aortic stenosis morphology

95. Quantification of aortic stenosis severity

96. Asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis

97. Risk stratification - timing of surgery

98. Low-Flow, low gradient, Aortic Stenosis with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

99. Low-Flow, low gradient, Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

100. Stress (Exercise) Echocardiography in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis

101. Subaortic Stenosis

Section XVI. Aortic Regurgitation

102. Introduction to Aortic Regurgitation

103. Aortic Regurgitation: Etiologies and Left Ventricular Responses

104. Aortic Regurgitation: Pathophysiology

105. Quantitation of Aortic Regurgitation

106. Risk stratification - timing of surgery for aortic regurgitation

Section XVII. Mitral Stenosis

107. Mitral Stenosis: Introduction

108. Rheumatic mitral stenosis

109. Quantification of Mitral Stenosis

110. Other (nonrheumatic) etiologies of Mitral Stenosis; situations that mimic Mitral Stenosis

111. Role of hemodynamic stress testing in Mitral Stenosis

112. Consequences of Mitral Stenosis

Section XVIII.  Mitral Regurgitation

113. Introduction to Mitral Regurgitation

114. Etiologies and Mechanisms of Mitral Valve Dysfunction

115. Mitral valve prolapse

116. Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation

117. Asymptomatic severe Mitral Regurgitation

118. Role of exercise stress testing

119. Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Section XIX. Tricuspid Regurgitation

120. Epidemiology, Etiology and Natural History of Tricuspid Regurgitation

121. Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation

122. Indications for Tricuspid Valve Surgery

123. Tricuspid Valve Procedures

Section XX. Pulmonic Regurgitation

124. Introduction and Etiology of Pulmonic Regurgitation

125. Pulmonic Regurgitation: Semiquantification

Section XXI. Prosthetic Valves

126. Prosthetic Valves: Introduction

127. Classification of Prosthetic valve types and fluid dynamics

128. Aortic prosthetic valves

129. Mitral prosthetic valves

130. Periprosthetic leaks

131. Tricuspid prosthetic valves

132. Mitral valve repair

Section XXII. Infective Endocarditis

133. Introduction and Echocardiographic Features of Infective Endocarditis

134. Infective Endocarditis: Role of Transthoracic versus Transesophageal Echocardiography

135. Echocardiography for Prediction of Cardioembolic Risk

136. Echocardiography and Decision Making for Surgery

137. Intraoperative Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis

138. Limitations and Technical considerations

Section XXIII. Pericardial Diseases

139. Introduction to Pericardial diseases

140. Normal pericardial anatomy

141. Pericarditis

142. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

143. Constrictive pericarditis

144. Effusive Constrictive pericarditis

145. Pericardial cysts and Congenital absence of pericardium

Section XXIV. Tumors and Masses

146. Introduction to Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Tumors and Masses

147. Primary benign, malignant, and metastatic tumors in the heart

148. Left Ventricular thrombus

149. Left Atrial thrombus

150. Right heart thrombus

151. Normal anatomic variants and artifacts

152. Role of contrast echocardiography in the assessment of intracardiac masses

153. Echocardiography-guided biopsy of intracardiac masses

154. Cardiac sources of emboli

Section XXV. Diseases of the Aorta

155. Introduction

156. Aortic atherosclerosis and Embolic Events

157. Aortic aneurysm

158. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

159. Acute aortic syndrome

160. Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer and Intramural hematoma

161. Aortic trauma

162. Intraoperative echocardiography

163. Postoperative echocardiography of the Aorta

Section XXVI.  Adult Congenital Heart Disease

164. Introduction

165. Systematic approach to adult Congenital Heart Disease

166. Common Congenital Heart Defects Associated with left-to-Right Shunts

167. Obstructive Lesions

168. The Adult with Unrepaired Complex Congenital Heart Defects

169. Adult Congenital heart disease with prior surgical repair

Section XXVII. Systemic Diseases

170. Hypertension

171. Diabetes

172. End-stage renal disease

173. Obesity

174. Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease

175. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

176. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

177. Carcinoid heart Disease

178. Amyloid

179. Sarcoidosis

180. Cardiac Involvement in Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

181. Endocrine disease

182. Chagas Cardiomyopathy

183. Sickle cell disease

184. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

185. Cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy

186. Pregnacy and the heart

187. Cocaine

Section XXVIII. Echocardiography in the Emergency Room

188. Echocardiography in Emergency clinical presentation

Section XXIX. Interventional Echocardiography

189. Introduction

190. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

191. MitraClip Procedure

192. Mitral balloon valvuloplasty

193. Transcatheter valve in valve implantation

194. Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

195. Transcatheter Cardiac pseudoaneurysm closure

196. Patent foramen ovale

197. Fusion of Three-Dimensional echocardiography with fluoroscopy for intervention guidance

Section XXX. Miscellaneous Topics in Echocardiography

198. Appropriate use criteria

199. Carotid Ultrasound to Evaulate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Detection

200. Coronary artery imaging