Origins and Directions of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ulcerative colitis.- Early IBD-related events.- Beginnings.- Increasing clinical recognition.- Initial pathology of ulcerative colitis and its pathogenic implications.- Pathology — electron microscopy — ulcerative colitis.- “Natural” and experimental ulcerative colitis.- References.- Crohn’s disease.- Origins.- Early clinical recognition.- Animal and experimental Crohn’s disease.- Abdominal trauma.- The early Mt. Sinai (New York) experience.- More early 20th century reports (CD).- Crohn’s disease of the colon — delayed recognition.- Early pathology of Crohn’s disease.- Electron microscopy — Crohn’s disease.- Origin of eponym of Crohn’s disease.- References.- Etiology of pathogenesis of IBD — origins and directions.- Epidemiology.- Psychogenic aspects (UC, CD).- Microbial aspects — ulcerative colitis.- Microbial aspects — Crohn’s disease.- Immune mechanisms.- M cell.- Epithelial permeability.- Inflammation (cytokines, lymphokines).- Genetic aspects of inflammatory bowel disease — early observations.- Concluding commentary.- References.- The early treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.- References.- References.- Additional early publications on inflammatory bowel disease.