The Kidney and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus

1. Historical aspects of diabetes and diabetic renal disease.- 2. The nature of the diabetic glomerulus: pressure-induced and metabolic aberrations.- 3. Definition of diabetic renal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus based on renal function tests.- 4. Retinopathy in relation to albuminuria and blood pressure in IDDM.- 5. Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular disease.- 6. The heart in diabetes: result s of trials.- 7. Albuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes — renal or extra renal disease ?.- 8. The clinical course of renal disease in Caucasian NIDDM-patients.- 9. Use of albumin/creatinine ratio in patient care and clinical studies.- 10. Serum creatinine and other measures of GFR in diabetes.- 11. Familial factors in diabetic nephropathy.- 12. Genetics and diabetic nephropathy.- 13. The concept of low birth weight and renal disease.- 14. Effect of insulin on the kidney and the cardiovascular system.- 15. Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease in the PIMA Indians.- 16. Value of screening for microalbuminuria in people with diabetes as well as in the general population.- 17. Incidence of nephropathy in IDDM as related to mortality. Cost and benefits of early intervention.- 18. Measurement of albumin and other urinary proteins in low concentration in diabetes mellitus: techniques and clinical significance.- 19. Office tests for microalbuminuria.- 20. Exercise and the kidney in diabetes.- 21. Von Willebrand factor, dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, and the development of renal and vascular complications in diabetes.- 22. Smoking and diabetic nephropathy.- 23. Light microscopy of diabetic glomerulopathy: the classic lesion.- 24. Renal ultrastructural changes in microalbuminuric IDDM-patients.- 25. Renal structure in non insulin-dependent diabeticpatients with microalbuminuria.- 26. Sodium-hydrogen antiport, cell function and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy.- 27. Advanced glycation end-products and diabetic renal disease.- 28. Protein kinase C in diabetic renal involvement, the perspective of inhibition.- 29. Biochemical aspects of diabetic nephropathy.- 30. The Steno hypothesis and glomerular basement membrane biochemistry in diabetic nephropathy.- 31. Volume homeostasis and blood pressure in diabetic states.- 32. Pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy: the role of glomerular hemodynamic factors.- 33. The role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-? in diabetic kidney disease: An update.- 34. Transforming growth factor beta and other cytokines in experimental and human diabetic nephropathy.- 35. Blood pressure elevation in diabetes: the results from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recordings.- 36. Lipidaemia and diabetic renal disease.- 37. Microalbuminuria in young patients with type 1 diabetes.- 38. Early renal hyperfunction and hypertrophy in IDDM patients including comments on early intervention.- 39. ACE-inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade, and diabetic nephropathy.- 40. The concept of incipient diabetic nephropathy and effect of early antihypertensive intervention.- 41. Clinical trials in overt diabetic nephropathy.- 42. Antihypertensive treatment in NIDDM, with special reference to abnormal albuminuria.- 43. The course of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy: the perspective of more optimal insulin treatment.- 44. Non-glycaemic intervention in diabetic nephropathy: the role of dietary protein intake.- 45. Microalbuminuria and diabetic pregnancy.- 46. Diabetic nephropathy and pregnancy.- 47. Evolution worldwide ofrenal replacement therapy in diabetes.- 48. Hemodialysis in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with endstage renal failure.- 49. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in uremic diabetics.- 50. Renal transplantation for diabetic nephropathy.- 51. Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to microalbuminuria.- 52. Combination therapy for hypertension and renal disease in diabetes.- 53. Microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension. Cardiovascular and renal implications.- 54. A comparison of progression in diabetic and non-diabetic renal disease: similarity of progression promoters.