Advanced Drug Delivery

ASHIM K. MITRA, PhD, is Chairman of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Dr. Mitra is also a University of Missouri Curators' Professor and has more than thirty years of experience in the field of ocular drug delivery and disposition. He has been the recipient of research awards from the NIH, AAPS, AACP, ARVO, and other pharmaceutical organizations. CHI H. LEE, PhD, is Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate pharmacy courses. His research focuses on elucidation of pathological mechanisms and formulation development of microbicidal and cardiovascular devices. KUN CHENG, PhD, is Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. His research seeks to develop novel drug delivery systems for siRNA and small molecule drugs. Dr. Cheng is the recipient of the 2011 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) New Investigator Grant Award in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technologies.

PREFACE xi

ABOUT THE AUTHORS xiii

CONTRIBUTORS xv

PART I INTRODUCTION AND BASICS OF ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY 1

1 Physiological Barriers in Advanced Drug Delivery: Gastrointestinal Barrier 3
D. Alexander Oh and Chi H. Lee

2 Solubility and Stability Aspects in Advanced Drug Delivery 21
Hoo-Kyun Choi, Robhash K. Subedi, and Chi H. Lee

3 The Role of Transporters and the Efflux System in Drug Delivery 47
Varun Khurana, Dhananjay Pal, Mukul Minocha, and Ashim K. Mitra

4 Biomaterial in Advanced Drug Delivery 75
Megha Barot, Mitesh Patel, Xiaoyan Yang, Wuchen Wang, and Chi H. Lee

PART II STRATEGIES FOR ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY 103

5 Strategies of Drug Targeting 105
Ravi S. Shukla, Zhijin Chen, and Kun Cheng

6 Prodrug and Bioconjugation 123
Ramya Krishna Vadlapatla, Sujay Shah, Aswani Dutt Vadlapudi, and Ashim K. Mitra

7 Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems 141
Mitan R. Gokulgandhi, Ashaben Patel, Kishore Cholkar, Megha Barot, and Ashim K. Mitra

8 Stimuli-Responsive Target Strategies 157
Chi H. Lee

9 Implants 183
Aswani Dutt Vadlapudi, Ashaben Patel, Ramya Krishna Vadlapatla, Durga Paturi, and Ashim K. Mitra

10 Aptamers in Advanced Drug Delivery 201
Weiwei Gao, Omid C. Farokhzad, and Nazila Kamaly

11 Nanofiber 219
Megha Barot, Mitan R. Gokulgandhi, Animikh Ray, and Ashim K. Mitra

12 Biomimetic Self-Assembling Nanoparticles 231
Maxim G. Ryadnov

13 Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery 241
Mitesh Patel, Megha Barot, Jwala Renukuntla, and Ashim K. Mitra

14 Delivery of Nucleic Acids 257
Shaoying Wang, Bin Qin, and Kun Cheng

15 Delivery of Vaccines 275
Hari R. Desu, Rubi Mahato, and Laura A. Thoma

PART III TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH OF ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY 297

16 Regulatory Considerations and Clinical Issues in Advanced Drug Delivery 299
Mei-Ling Chen

17 Advanced Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy 323
Wanyi Tai and Kun Cheng

18 Advanced Delivery in Cardiovascular Diseases 341
Gayathri Acharya, Wuchen Wang, Divya Teja Vavilala, Mridul Mukherji, and Chi H. Lee

19 Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery 365
Varun Khurana, Deep Kwatra, Vibhuti Agrahari, and Ashim K. Mitra

20 Advanced Drug Delivery Against STD 381
Chi H. Lee

21 Advanced Drug Delivery to the Brain 405
Nanda K. Mandava, Mitesh Patel, and Ashim K. Mitra

PART IV FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY IN EMERGING RESEARCH AREAS 423

22 Cell-Based Therapeutics 425
Zhaoyang Ye, Yan Zhou, Haibo Cai, and Wen-Song Tan

23 Biomedical Applications and Tissue Engineering of Collagen 445
Chi H. Lee and Yugyung Lee

24 Molecular Imaging of Drug Delivery 469
Zheng-Rong Lu

ANSWERS 489

INDEX 511