Angiography of the Upper Extremity

I Introduction.- 1.1 Outline of the Book.- 2 The History of Angiography of the Upper Extremities.- 3 Examination Technique.- 3.1 Preparation of the Patient for Upper Extremity Angiography.- 3.2 Premedication for Angiography under Local Anaesthesia.- 3.3 Instruments, Equipment and Contrast Media.- 3.4 Technique of Catheterization.- 3.5 Catheter Technique for Hand Angiography.- 3.6 Another Method for Hand Angiography (Direct Brachial Angiography).- 3.7 Complications.- 4 Vascular Tonus and Pharmacoangiography.- 4.1 General Anatomic and Histologic Considerations.- 4.1.1 Innervation of the Vascular System of the Upper Extremities.- 4.2 Physiology of Vascular Tonus: General Discussion.- 4.3 Disturbed Vascular Tonus of the Extremities 24 4.3.1 Clinical Manifestations of Vasospasm of the Extremities.- 4.4 Roentgenographic Manifestations of Arterial Spasm: Our Experience.- 4.5 Pharmacoangiography.- 4.6 Our Investigations.- 5 Embryology of the Arteries of the Upper Limb.- 6 Anatomy of the Arterial System of the Upper Extremities.- 6.1 Aortic Arch.- 6.2 The Arteries of the Upper Extremities on the Aortograms.- 6.3 The Arteries of the Upper Extremities on Selective Arteriograms.- 6.4 The Arteries of the Forearm.- 6.5 The Arteries of the Hand.- 6.6 Arterial Patterns in the Hand: Based upon a Study of 500 Arteriograms.- 6.7 The Deep Volar (Palmar) Arch.- 6.8 The Superficial Volar (Palmar) Arch.- 6.9 Other Observations and Discussion.- 6.10 Conclusions.- 7 Vascular Injuries of the Upper Extremity.- 7.1 Different Types of Injury: Signs and Symptoms.- 7.2 Traumatic Diseases of the Arteries of the Proximal Part of the Upper Extremity.- 7.3 Traumatic Arterial Injuries of the Forearm and Hand.- 7.4 Conclusions.- 8 Congenital Vascular Lesions and Vascular Tumours.- 8.1 Congenital Stenosis,Atresia, Hypoplasia and Aplasia.- 8.2 Arteriovenous Communications.- 8.3 Conclusions.- 9 The Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Anomalies Predisposing to the Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome.- 9.3 Aetiology of Vascular Changes.- 9.4 Symptomatology.- 9.5 Physical Examination.- 9.6 Roentgenological Examinations for the Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome and Radiodiagnosis.- 9.7 Our Investigation.- 9.8 Case Material.- 9.9 Non-Pathological Occlusions of the Arteries of the Upper Limb due to Incorrect Positioning of the Extremity.- 9.10 Conclusions.- 10 Arterial Occlusive Diseases of the Upper Extremity.- 10.1 Arteriosclerosis.- 10.2 Steal Phenomena.- 10.3 Vasospastic Disorders.- 10.4 Arterial Embolism and Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities.- 10.5 Fibromuscular Hyperplasia.- 10.6 Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease).- 10.7 Collagen Diseases.- 10.8 Conclusions on Angiography in Acquired Vascular Diseases.- Summary.- Index of Subjects.