Nephrology

Normal structure and function. Structure of the kidney. Physiology of the kidney. Renal regulation of the volume and composition of the body fluids. Regulation of blood pressure. Renal biology. Impaired renal function and its consequences. Methods of assessment. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome. Calcium, phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Renal bone disease. Hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Gastrointestinal disorders. Endocrinological disorders. Neurological and psychiatric disorders. Hematological disorders. Immunological disorders. Dermatological disorders. The uremic syndrome. Diseases of the kidney and their treatment. Inherited and developmental diseases of the kidney. Diseases of the kidney in pregnancy. Diseases of the renal blood vessels and hypertension. Diabetic nephropathy. Primary diseases of the glomerulus. Diseases of the glomerulus secondary to systemic disease. Diseases of the interstitium. Infections of the urinary tract and pyelonephritis. Acute renal failure. Calculus disease. Lower urinary tract structural disorders. Neoplasia. General management of patients with chronic renal disease. Nutrition. Fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Hypertension. Factors causing progression of renal disease. Drugs in renal disease. Dialysis and related procedures. Hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis. Special procedures. Transplantation. Transplant immunology. Pre-transplant selection and evaluation of donor and recipient. Transplantation surgery. Management in the acute post operative period. Long term management. Outcome. Living non-related transplantation. Prevention of renal disease. Principal causes of renal disease. Prevention of renal disease. The pediatric patient: special considerations. Assessment of renal function. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Acute renal failure. Chronic renal disease. Treatment of end stage renal disease. Drug usage in pediatric renal disease.