Pain–Relieving Procedures: The Illustrated Guide

P. Prithvi Raj MBBS, FFARCS (Eng), FIPP , Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA Serdar Erdine MD, FIPP , Istanbul Pain Center, Istanbul, Turkey

Foreword by Professor Dr Maarten van Kleef, vii Foreword by Dr J. C. D. Wells, ix Preface, xi Acknowledgments, xiii Part 1 General Principles, 1 1 History of Interventional Pain Medicine, 3 2 Principles for Performing Percutaneous Invasive Procedures, 9 3 Physical and Psychological Assessment of the Patient with Pain, 12 4 Preparing the Patient for Interventional Pain Procedures, 18 5 Monitoring the Patient Before, During, and After the Procedure, 25 6 Radiation Safety and Use of Fluoroscopy During Interventional Pain Procedures, 28 7 Sedation and Analgesia for Interventional Pain Procedures, 40 8 Drugs Used During Interventional Pain Procedures, 46 9 Tools and Equipment Used in Interventional Pain Procedures, 61 10 Principles and Descriptions of Special Techniques, 68 Radiofrequency lesions (contributed by Eric R. Cosman Sr and Eric R. Cosman Jr), 68 Principles of ultrasonography, 79 Further reading, 90 Part 2 Description of Specific Techniques, 93 11 Simple, Frequent Procedures in the Musculoskeletal Region, 95 Injections into Upper Extremity Joints, 95 Shoulder joint, 95 Elbow joint, 99 Wrist joint, 102 Injections into Lower Extremity Joints, 104 Hip joint, 104 Knee joint, 107 Ankle joint, 110 Injections into Myofascial Trigger Points, 112 Further reading, 128 12 Interventional Pain Procedures in the Head, 130 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the trigeminal ganglion, 130 Percutaneous maxillary nerve block, 142 Percutaneous mandibular nerve block, 146 Percutaneous block of the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve, 149 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the sphenopalatine ganglion, 154 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the glossopharyngeal nerve, 161 Further reading, 165 13 Interventional Pain Procedures in the Neck, 166 Percutaneous block and lesioning of greater and lesser occipital nerves, 166 Percutaneous block and lesioning of third occipital nerve, 169 Percutaneous interlaminar block of the cervical epidural space, 173 Percutaneous transforaminal block of the cervical epidural space, 184 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the cervical facet joint, 191 Percutaneous discography of the cervical discs, 200 Percutaneous block of the phrenic nerve, 205 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the stellate ganglion, 207 Further reading, 217 14 Interventional Pain Procedures in the Thoracic Region, 219 Percutaneous interlaminar block of the thoracic epidural space, 219 Percutaneous transforaminal block of the thoracic epidural space, 225 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the thoracic facet joint and medial branch, 229 Percutaneous thoracic discography, 235 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the suprascapular nerve, 240 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the thoracic sympathetic chain, 244 Percutaneous block of the intercostal nerve, 249 Further reading, 255 15 Interventional Procedures for Visceral Pain in the Thoraco-Abdominal Region, 256 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the splanchnic nerve, 256 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the celiac plexus, 264 Further reading, 272 16 Interventional Pain Procedures in the Lumbar Region, 274 Percutaneous interlaminar block of the lumbar epidural space, 274 Percutaneous transforaminal block of the lumbar epidural space, 283 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the lumbar facet joint and medial branch, 293 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the lumbar sympathetic ganglia, 302 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the rami communicantes, 308 Percutaneous discography and lesioning of the lumbar disc, 311 Percutaneous intradiscal procedures, 323 Further reading, 335 17 Interventional Pain Procedures in the Pelvic and Sacral Regions, 337 Percutaneous interlaminar block of the caudal epidural space, 337 Percutaneous technique of caudal epidural neuroplasty, 344 Epiduroscopy, 353 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the sacral nerve, 361 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the superior hypogastric plexus, 365 Percutaneous block of the impar ganglion, 372 Percutaneous block and lesioning of the sacroiliac joint, 376 Further reading, 383 18 Advanced Techniques, 384 Technique of intraspinal continuous analgesia, 384 Technique of spinal cord stimulation, 401 Technique of sacral nerve root stimulation (contributed by S. Ozyalcin), 413 Vertebroplasty, 423 Kyphoplasty, 432 Further reading, 436 Index, 437