MACE Exam Cram

Linda Whitenton is the co-author of the popular CNA Exam Cram (2009). Her 42-year nursing career began in 1967 as a Nursing Assistant in Paducah, Kentucky. Following her graduation from Murray State University’s BSN program in 1970, she practiced in mental health, pediatrics, and medical-surgical nursing. Teaching Nursing Assistants, emergency medical technicians, and unit secretaries in her role as a hospital in-service education director in the early 1970s in a Mississippi hospital cemented her love for teaching. She accepted her first teaching position at Northeast Mississippi Community College in 1975. While at NEMCC, she taught fundamentals, medical-surgical nursing, management, and psychiatric nursing and served as assistant director and director of the program for seven years. In 1977, Linda earned her Master’s of Science degree in nursing at the Mississippi University for Women, which also afforded her the Family Nurse Clinician credential. In 1987, she relocated to Florida and accepted a position as associate director of nursing for the associate degree nursing program at St. Petersburg College in St. Petersburg. While at SPC, she designed curriculum for more than 1,000 employees of the Pinellas County EMS, taught LPN transitional students at night, and practiced part-time at the Bayfront Medical Center Trauma Center. During her 28 years of teaching, Linda continued to practice in emergency nursing, urological nursing, and as a nurse clinician. Linda also earned 30 hours of post-Master’s work in anthropology and educational psychology. In 2004, she returned to clinical practice as the director of nursing/vice president for a Mississippi community hospital. While there, she received a national award for outstanding nursing leadership. She returned to Florida in 2000 to design and direct a new AD nursing program for Northwest Florida State College, formerly Okaloosa-Walton College, the first of five health programs now in place at the college. Linda served as associate dean of health technology, adding administrative oversight for the health programs she launched during her nine-year tenure at NWFSC. In 2008, Linda retired from full-time tenure at the college, receiving the honor of emeritus associate dean and director of nursing. Linda currently serves as adjunct instructor at NWFSC, teaching medical terminology to health career majors. She is a Certified Nurse Educator, CNE, and a member of Sigma Theta Tau International Nursing Society.   Marty Walker has practiced nursing for the past 30 years at the vocational nursing level as a registered nurse, and at the Master’s level. Marty began her nursing career as a licensed practical nurse, receiving her vocational education certificate from Atlantic Vocational School in Pompano Beach, Florida, in 1979. In 1982, she earned an Associate degree in nursing from Broward Community College in Davie, Florida. She worked for more than 10 years as a staff nurse in telemetry, critical care, and emergency nursing before completing a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing from Florida International University in Miami, Florida. In 1995, she began teaching medical-surgical nursing at Ivy Tech State College in Sellersburg, Indiana. 00_9780789749604_fm.qxd 1/1/13 10:54 PM Page xiii After relocating to Miami, Marty accepted a position as Nurse Clinical Educator for three cardiac units at Jackson Memorial Hospital. She attained a Master’s in Nursing Science in Nursing Education from Barry University in Miami Shores, Florida, in 2003. Marty’s love of teaching led her to Mercy Hospital’s School of Practical Nursing and to adjunct teaching positions at Florida International University and Barry University. While in Miami, Marty added pediatrics to her teaching expertise. She taught medical-surgical nursing for a short time at Pensacola Junior College in Pensacola, Florida, before accepting a full-time associate professor position at Northwest Florida State College, where she currently teaches in the RN-BSN program and in the Associate Degree Nursing Program. Marty’s expertise also includes test construction. She has led the faculty at NWF State College in improving the success rates of students enrolled in the program as well as their success on the NCLEX-RN. Marty’s versatility extends to her clinical practice, as she has recently completed the Family Nurse Practitioner certificate program at the University of South Alabama in Mobile, Alabama. Marty volunteers as a clinic nurse and as the director of nursing services for the Crossroads Medical Center Clinic in Valparaiso, Florida.

Introduction . . . . . 1

Notes. . . . . 1

NCSBN: Test Plan / Content Outline . . . 1

Sample Questions . . . . 3

Correct Answers . . . . 4

Sample Notes from VA: Pretest Items . . . 4

Sample Examination . . . . 5

 Examination Content Outline and Reference Material . . 5

 Content Outline. . . . 5

Applying for Registration and Examination . . . 9

Exam Cost . . . . 10

How to Use This Book . . . . 10

 Contact the Authors . . . 11

Part I: Orientation and Basic Concepts

Chapter 1: What You Need to Know to Prepare for the Medication Aide Certification Examination (MACE) . . . . 13

Testing Strategies . . . . 14

 Answering the Questions . . . 14

 Self-Assessment . . . . 16

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 17

Rationales . . . . 27

Part II: Authorized Duties

Chapter 2: The Roles and Responsibilities of the Medication Aide . . 31

Your Roles and Responsibilities. . . 32

 Roles and Responsibilities of Other Nursing Team Members . 33

 The Role of UAPs. . . . 33

 Exclusions to the MA-C Role (Legal Limitations) . . 35

Accepting Delegated Duties . . . 35

Medication Administration Policies . . . 36

 Medical Error Prevention . . . 37

Effective Communication Regarding Medication Administration. . 37

 Verbal Communication. . . 38

 Written Communication . . . 39

Specific Ethical and Legal Issues. . . 41

 Residents’ Rights . . . . 42

 Ethics. . . . 45

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 47

Rationales . . . . 49

Part III: Medication Administration, Observation, and Reporting

Chapter 3: Pharmacology Review . . . . 51

Drug Classifications and Drug Names. . . 52

Drug Actions and Implications . . . 53

 Drug Metabolism . . . . 54

 Factors Influencing Drug Effectiveness . . . 54

 Drug Interactions . . . . 55

 Drug Side Effects . . . . 55

Selected Drug Information Sources . . . 57

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 58

Rationales . . . . 60

Chapter 4: Drug Orders, Forms, Measurements, and Handling . . . 61

Drug Orders. . . . 62

Common Medical Terminology, Dosages, and Abbreviations . . 63

Drug Labels . . . . 65

Drug Packaging . . . . 66

Drug Storage and Disposal . . . . 66

Drug Measurements . . . . 67

Drug Forms . . . . 68

 Solids and Semisolids . . . . 68

 Liquids and Semiliquids . . . 69

Routes of Drug Administration. . . 70

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 73

Rationales . . . . 75

Part IV: Administering Medications

Chapter 5: Administering Medication Safely. . . . 77

Introduction . . . . 78

 Set Up for Medication Administration. . . 78

 Safety Checks When Administering Medications. . 82

 The Six Rights of Medication Administration . . 83

 Causes and Reporting of Medication Errors . . 87

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 89

Rationales . . . . 91

Chapter 6: Medication Administration Procedures and Techniques . . 93

Pre-Administration Procedures. . . 94

     Identifying Client . . . . 94

 Hand Washing . . . . 94

 Gloving . . . . 95

 Explaining the Medication Procedure . . . 95

 Positioning the Client . . . 95

Giving Medications Through Various Routes . . . 96

 Oral . . . . 96

 Nasal Instillation . . . . 101

 Inhalation . . . . 102

     Opthalmic/Ocular (Eye) . . . 102

 Otic (Ear) . . . . 104

 Topical. . . . 104

 Vaginal. . . . 106

 Rectal. . . . 107

Special Medication Administration Techniques . . 108

 Aged Clients. . . . 108

 Clients with Physical Limitations . . . 109

 Clients Refusing to Take Medications . . . 110

 Noncommunicative Clients . . . 111

Post-Administration Procedures . . . 112

 Client Comfort . . . . 112

 Client Environment . . . . 112

 Right Documentation . . . 113

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 114

Rationales . . . . 116

Part V: Medication Effects on Body Systems: Implications for Care

Chapter 7: Medications Affecting the Cardiovascular System . . . 117

Cardiovascular Structure and Function . . . 119

Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders . . . 122

 Drugs Used to Treat Hyperlipidemia. . . 123

 Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension . . . 124

 Drugs Used for Angina. . . 128

 Drugs Used for Arrhythmias . . . 131

 Drugs Used for Congestive Heart Failure. . 133

 Other Cardiovascular Medications . . . 134

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 139

Rationales . . . . 141

Chapter 8: Medications Affecting the Respiratory System. . . 143

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System . . 144

 The Upper Respiratory Tract . . . 150

 Lower Respiratory Tract . . . 152

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 155

Rationales . . . . 156

Chapter 9: Medications Affecting the Digestive System . . . 157

Structure and Function of the Digestive System . . 158

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract . . . 158

 Antacids . . . . 160

 Histamine-2 Antagonists . . . 161

 Prostaglandins . . . . 163

 Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . 163

 MACE Exam Cram: Medication Aide Certification Exam

 Antispasmodics. . . . 165

 Antiemetics. . . . 166

 Antidiarrheals. . . . 167

 Laxatives . . . . 168

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 171

Rationales . . . . 173

Chapter 10: Antibiotics and Other Anti-Infective Agents . . . 175

The Infection Process. . . . 176

 Common Infections . . . . 180

Antibiotics and Other Anti-Infective Agents. . . 183

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 190

Rationales . . . . 192

Chapter 11: Medications Affecting the Urinary System . . . 193

Urinary Structure and Function . . . 194

Disorders of the Urinary System . . . 195

 Urinary Tract Infections. . . 195

 Dysuria . . . . 201

 Overactive Bladder (OAB) . . . 202

 Urinary Retention . . . . 203

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 205

Rationales . . . . 207

Chapter 12: Medications Affecting the Musculoskeletal System. . . 209

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System. . 210

Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System . . . 213

 Muscle Spasms . . . . 213

 Muscle Spasticity . . . . 213

 Osteoporosis. . . . 215

 Gout . . . . 215

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 220

Rationales . . . . 222

Chapter 13: Medications Affecting the Central Nervous System . . . 223

Structure and Function of the Nervous System . . 224

 The Central Nervous System . . . 224

 The Peripheral Nervous System . . . 225

Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System . . 226

 Adrenergic Agents . . . . 227

 Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents. . 228

 Cholinergic Agents . . . . 230

 Anticholinergic Agents . . . 231

 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs. . . 232

 Benzodiazepines . . . . 233

 Non-Barbiturate, Non-Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agents . 234

 Analgesics . . . . 235

 Drugs Used for Alzheimer’s Disease. . . 244

 Drugs Used for Parkinson’s Disease . . . 245

Exam-Prep Questions . . . . 248

Rationales . . . . 250

Chapter 14: Medications Affecting the Endocrine System . . . 251

Structure and Function of the Endocrine System . . 252

 Medications Used to Treat Endocrine Disorders . . 252

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 259

Rationales . . . . 261

Chapter 15: Medications for the Eye and Ear . . . . 263

The Eye . . . . 264

 Structure and Function of the Eye . . . 264

 Disorders of the Eye . . . . 265

The Ear. . . . . 268

 Structure and Function. . . 268

 Disorders of the Ear . . . . 269

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 271

Rationales . . . . 273

Chapter 16: Medications Used in the Treatment of Cancer . . . 275

Introduction to Cancer. . . . 276

 Drug Therapy for Cancer . . . 278

 Antineoplastic Antibiotics. . . 282

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 284

Rationale. . . . 286

Chapter 17: Medications Used to Treat Mental Health Disorders . . . 287

The Nervous System and Emotions. . . 288

 Common Mental Health Disorders . . . 288

Exam-Prep Questions. . . . 297

Rationales . . . . 299

Part VI: Practice Exams

Practice Exam I . . . . 301

Practice Exam I Rationales . . . . 311

Practice Exam II . . . . 317

Practice Exam II Rationales. . . . 327

Part VII: Appendixes

Appendix A: Medication Administration Skills Performance Checklist . . 333

Appendix B: Arithmetic Review: Weights and Measures . . . 337

Appendix C: Herbals, Vitamins, and Minerals. . . . 341

Appendix D: To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System . . . 343

Glossary. . . . . 351

TOC, 9780789749604, 1/2/13