Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

13C-NMR in Metabolic Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Design and Interpretation of Labelling Experiments.- 3 Radioisotope Labelling.- 4 13C NMR Spectroscopy.- 5 Biosynthetic Methodology.- 6 13C Enrichment Studies.- 7 13C, 15N Doubly Labelled Precursors.- 8 Isotope-Induced Shifts in 13C NMR.- 9 Conclusion.- References.- Determination of the Energy Status of Plant Cells by 31P-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Principles.- 3 Experimental Considerations.- 4 Quantitation of Metabolite Concentrations of vivo by NMR.- 5 Measurement of Nucleoside Di- and Triphosphate Levels by 31P-NMR.- 6 Estimation of the Extent of Magnesium Ion Binding to Nucleoside Triphosphates in vivo by 31P-NMR.- 7 Measurement of the Gibbs' Free Energy for Hydrolysis of ATP.- 8 Relationship of in vivo 31P-NMR Measurements to What Is Seen by Other Methods.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- The Use of NMR Spectroscopy to Follow Deuterium in Studies of Fungal Metabolism.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy.- 3 Detection of Deuterium Indirectly in the 13C-NMR Spectrum.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Proton NMR Studies on DNA Structure.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theoretical Background.- 3 Examples.- 4 Summary.- References.- NMR Methods for Determination of Intracellular pH.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some Principles.- 3 Determinants of Chemical Shift.- 4 Measurement of Chemical Shifts.- 5 Estimating Intracellular pH from Chemical Shifts: Titration Curves.- 6 Other Factors Contributing to Potential Errors in Intracellular pH Measurements Using NMR.- 7 Observation of pH Heterogeneity in Cell Populations and Tissues by NMR.- 8 NMR Signals That Have Been Used as Intracellular pH Indicators.- 9 Assignment of Resonances.- 10 Can the pH in Compartments Other Than Cytoplasm and Vacuole beMeasured in Vivo by NMR Methods?.- 11 Conclusions.- References.- Orientation of Chloroplasts in Leaves by 1H NMR Spectroscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental Technique.- 3 Data Analysis.- 4 Examples of Interpreted Spectra.- 5 Future Directions.- References.- 13C-NMR Determination of Rubber Content in Guayule Bushes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental.- 3 Results and Discussion.- 4 Conclusions.- Appendix A 13C-NMR Method.- References.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Pollen Quality.- 1 What is the Pollen Grain?.- 2 1H-NMR - Water Content.- 3 31P, 13C-NMR and Membrane State.- 4 Conclusions.- References.