Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation

DARIO FARINA is Professor and Founding Chair of the Department of Neurore-habilitation Engineering at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany. He is also Chair for Neuroinformatics of the Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen. WINNIE JENSEN is an Associate Professor at the Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction at Aalborg University, Denmark. METIN AKAY is Chair of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Houston, Texas. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering published by Wiley-IEEE Press. He is also the editor of ten Wiley-IEEE Press books.

CONTRIBUTORS ix

PREFACE xv

PART I INJURIES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1

1 Diseases and Injuries of the Central Nervous System Leading to Sensory–Motor Impairment 3
Dejan B. Popoviæ and Thomas Sinkjær

2 Peripheral and Spinal Plasticity after Nerve Injuries 21
Xavier Navarro

3 Motor Control Modules of Human Movement in Health and Disease 39
Yuri P. Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini, Marco Molinari, and Francesco Lacquaniti

PART II SIGNAL DETECTION AND CONDITIONING 61

4 Progress in Peripheral Neural Interfaces 63
Shaoyu Qiao, Kevin A. Mauser, and Ken Yoshida

5 Multimodal, Multisite Neuronal Recordings for Brain Research 95
Ulrich G. Hofmann, Peter Detemple, and Yijing Xie

6 Surface Electromyogram Detection 113
Alberto Botter, Marco Gazzoni, and Roberto Merletti

7 Methods for Noninvasive Electroencephalogram Detection 137
Christoph Guger and Günter Edlinger

8 Spike Sorting 155
Di Ge and Dario Farina

9 Wavelet Denoising and Conditioning of Neural Recordings 173
Luca Citi and Silvestro Micera

10 Instantaneous Cross-Correlation Analysis of Neural Ensembles with High Temporal Resolution 183
António R.C. Paiva, Il Park, José C. Príncipe, and Justin C. Sanchez

11 Unsupervised Decomposition Methods for Analysis of Multimodal Neural Data 199
Felix Biessmann, Frank C. Meinecke, and Klaus-Robert Müller

PART III FUNCTION REPLACEMENT (PROSTHESES AND ORTHOSIS) 235

12 Brain–Computer Interfaces 237
José del R. Millán

13 Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Their Application in Brain–Computer Interfacing 253
Kim Dremstrup, Ying Gu, Omar Feix do Nascimento, and Dario Farina

14 Introduction to Upper Limb Prosthetics 267
Bernhard Graimann and Hans Dietl

15 Myoelectric Prostheses and Targeted Reinnervation 291
Levi Hargrove, Erik Scheme, and Kevin Englehart

16 Controlling Prostheses Using PNS Invasive Interfaces for Amputees 311
Jacopo Carpaneto, Luca Citi, Stanisa Raspopovic, Jacopo Rigosa, and Silvestro Micera

17 Exoskeletal Robotics for Functional Substitution 327
José Luis Pons, Juan C. Moreno, and Eduardo Rocon

PART IV FUNCTION RESTORATION 349

18 Methods for Movement Restoration 351
Dejan B. Popoviæ, and Mirjana B. Popoviæ

19 Advanced User Interfaces for Upper Limb Functional Electrical Stimulation 377
Elaine A. Corbett, Christian Ethier, Emily R. Oby, Konrad Kording, Eric J. Perreault, and Lee E. Miller

20 Customized Modeling and Simulations for the Control of FES-Assisted Walking of Individuals with Hemiplegia 401
Strahinja Došen and Dejan B. Popoviæ

21 ActiGait: A Partly Implantable Drop-Foot Stimulator System 421
Birgit Larsen and Andrei Patriciu

22 Selectivity of Peripheral Neural Interfaces 433
Winnie Jensen and Kristian Rauhe Harreby

PART V REHABILITATION THROUGH NEUROMODULATION 461

23 Brain–Computer Interface Applied to Motor Recovery after Brain Injury 463
Janis J. Daly

24 Functional Electrical Therapy of Upper Extremities 477
Mirjana B. Popoviæ and Dejan B. Popoviæ

25 Gait Rehabilitation Using Nociceptive Withdrawal Refl ex–Based Functional Electrical Therapy in Stroke Patients 493
Ole K. Andersen and Erika G. Spaich

26 Robot–Assisted Neurorehabilitation 505
Vittorio Sanguineti, Maura Casadio, Lorenzo Masia, Valentina Squeri, and Pietro G. Morasso

27 Paired Associative Stimulation 529
Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting

28 Operant Conditioning of Spinal Reflexes for Motor Rehabilitation after CNS Damage 549
Aiko K. Thompson and Jonathan R. Wolpaw

INDEX 571